浙西南野栖啮齿动物及其体表寄生虫的组成与分布

Investigation of composition and distribution of wild rodents and their ecto-parasites populations in southwestern Zhejiang

目的调查浙西南地区野生啮齿动物(鼠类)及其体表寄生虫种类与地理分布,为制定符合本地特色的鼠疫等疾病防制策略奠定基础。方法2018—2019年在浙西南地区6个鼠疫监测点按照《全国鼠疫监测方案》开展啮齿动物及其体表寄生虫的调查采集和分类鉴定、鼠疫血清学和病原学检测。结果共捕获啮齿动物2科4属10种989只,捕获率5.15%,优势鼠种为黑线姬鼠。发现398只动物体表携带寄生虫,总染虫率40.24%,总寄生指数6.05。发现的体表寄生虫共8科18属30种2409只,其中蚤3科5属6种211只,染蚤率6.47%,蚤指数3.30,优势种为特新蚤闽北亚种;蜱1科4属5种446只,染蜱率16.28%,蜱指数2.77,优势种为血红扇头蜱;革螨1科5属9种951只,染革螨率22.24%,革螨指数4.32,优势种为毒棘厉螨;恙螨1科2属3种341只,染恙螨率7.28%,恙螨指数4.74,优势种为地里纤恙螨;吸虱2科2属7种460只,染虱率9.30%,吸虱指数5.00,优势种为社鼠甲胁虱。结论浙西南地区野栖啮齿动物及其体表寄生虫种类繁多,分布广泛,宿主染虫率和寄生指数均较高,建议持续开展相关监测,加强除蚤类外的蜱、革螨和吸虱等体表寄生虫生态学调查和病原学检测。

Objective To understand the species and geographical distribution of wild rodents and their ecto-parasites populations in the southwest of Zhejiang Province,the data base was established for the formulation prevention and control strategies of plague and other infectious disease in line with local characteristics.Methods From 2018 to 2019,according to the national plague surveillance program,the investigation,sampling,classification and identification of rodents and their ectoparasite populations,and the serologic and etiologic detection of plague were carried out in six plague surveillance areas in southwestern Zhejiang.Results A total of 989 wild rodents of 10 species,4 genera and 2 families were captured,with a capture rate of 5.15%,the Apodemus agrarius was the predominant species,and 398 wild rodents carried the ecto-parasites,the total infection rate was 40.24%,and the total parasitic index was 6.05.Moreover,a total of 2409 ecto-parasites belonging to 30 species,18 genera and 8 families were found,among them,there were 211 fleas belonging to 6 species,5 genera,3 families,the flea infection rate was 6.47%and the flea index was 3.30,the predominant species was Neopsylla specialis minpiensis;there were 446 ticks belonging to 5 species,4 genera and 1 family,the tick infection rate was 16.28%and the tick index was 2.77,the predominant species was Rhipicephalus sanguineus;there were 951 gamasid mites belonging to 9 species,5 genera and 1 family,the gamasid mites infection rate was 22.24%,and the gamasid mites index was 4.32,the predominant species was Echinolaelaps echidninus;there were 341 chigger mites belonging to 1 family,2 genera and 3 species,the infection rate of chigger mites was 7.28%and the chigger mites index was 4.74,and the predominant species was Leptotrombidium delicense and there were 460 sucking lice belonging to 7 species,2 families,2 genera,the sucking lice infection rate was 9.30%,the sucking lice index was 5.00,and the predominant species was Niviventer hoplopleura.Conclusion Wild rodents are distributed widely in southwestern Zhejiang and their ecto-parasites are various,due to the high parasite infection rate and parasite index in the host,it is recommended to continue the relevant surveillance comprehensively.Except for fleas,it is suggested that the ecological investigation and pathogen detection of ticks,gamasid mites and sucking lice and other ectoparasites should be strengthened systematically.