2015-2020年北京市急性呼吸道感染病例副流感病毒流行特征研究

Epidemiology of human parainfluenza virus infection in patients with acute respiratory tract infection in Beijing,2015-2020

目的了解北京市急性呼吸道感染病例中人副流感病毒(HPIVs)感染状况及流行特征,为呼吸道传染病防控策略的制订提供支撑。方法收集2015—2020年就诊于北京市哨点医院的急性呼吸道感染病例,采集其咽拭子、痰液、肺泡灌洗液、气管抽吸物等病原学标本,采用多重实时荧光聚合酶链式反应检测HPIV-1、HPIV-2、HPIV-3、HPIV-4及其他常见呼吸道病毒,检测结果采用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计分析,计数资料组间率的比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果2015—2020年北京市急性呼吸道感染病例的HPIVs总体阳性率为3.90%(1622/41557),其中HPIV-3最多(58.45%),其次为HPIV-1(19.17%)、HPIV-2(12.70%)和HPIV-4(10.79%);2020年HPIVs阳性率(1.65%,70/4234)下降明显。HPIVs感染年度间呈现两年一个流行高峰的特点;HPIVs流行高峰在5—7月,HPIV-3流行趋势同HPIVs,HPIV-1夏秋季阳性率高于其他季节,HPIV-2无明显的季节性,HPIV-4秋季阳性率高于其他季节。男性患者HPIVs阳性率低于女性。0~5岁人群HPIVs阳性率最高(8.81%,685/7776),其次是6~15岁人群(4.07%,173/4247)以及≥60岁人群(3.25%,442/13582)。HPIV-1和HPIV-3阳性率在上、下呼吸道感染病例中存在差异(χ^(2)=4.449,P=0.039;χ^(2)=17.513,P<0.001)。结论HPIVs是北京市流行的常见呼吸道病毒,15岁以下儿童是HPIVs感染的主要人群,2020年新冠疫情防控措施明显减低了HPIVs感染。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of human parainfluenza virus(HPIV)infection in patients with acute respiratory tract infections(ARIs)in Beijing,and provide support for the development of prevention and control strategies for respiratory infectious diseases.Methods The throat swabs,sputum,bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,tracheal aspirates and other pathogenic samples were collected from the patients with ARIs in 35 sentinel hospitals in Beijing from 2015 to 2020.Multiple real-time PCR was used to detect HPIV-1,HPIV-2,HPIV-3,HPIV-4 and other common respiratory tract viruses.The results were analyzed with SPSS 20.0 andχ^(2) test was used to compare the rates between groups.Results During 2015–2020,the positive rate of HPIV was 3.90%(1622/41557).HPIV-3 was the mostly detected pathogen,accounting for 58.45%,followed by HPIV-1(19.17%),HPIV-2(12.70%)and HPIV-4(10.79%).The positive rate of HPIV in 2020(1.65%,70/4234)was significantly lower than that during 2015–2019(4.52%,1569/37323).The HPIV infection arte showed a peak every other year.The infection peak of HPIV was from May to July.The incidence trend of HPIV-3 infection was the similar to other HPIVs.The positive rate of HPIV-1 during summer-autumn was higher than that in other seasons.There was no obvious seasonality of HPIV-2 infection.The positive rate of HPIV-4 in autumn was higher than that in other seasons.The positive rate of HPIV in men was lower than that in women.The positive rate in 0–5 years old group was highest(8.81%,685/7776),followed by 6–15 years old group(4.07%,173/4247),and≥60 years old group(3.25%,442/13582).There was significant differences in the positive rate of HPIV-1 and HPIV-3 between upper and lower respiratory tract infection cases(χ^(2)=4.449,P=0.039;χ^(2)=17.513,P<0.001).Conclusion HPIV is a common respiratory pathogens in Beijing.The main affecting population of HPIV infection is children under 15 years old.In 2020,the prevention and control of COVID-19 significantly reduced the incidence of HPIV infection.