基于高通量测序及Biolog-ECO方法的雄安新区鲥鯸淀细菌群落结构与功能多样性分析

Analysis of bacterial community structure and functional diversity in Shihou Lake in Xiong an Area by high-throughput sequencing and biolog-ECO method

为了解渔业环境中微生物群落特征对生态循环的影响,基于高通量测序与Biolog-ECO相结合的方法,探究白洋淀鲥鯸淀湿地浮游微生物和不同基质附着微生物的群落结构及其碳源利用能力。结果表明:鲥鯸淀湿地中优势菌群为疣微菌门Verrucomicrobia、变形菌门Proteobacteria、蓝细菌门Cyanobacteria和放线菌门Actinobacteria等,其中,浮游细菌与附着细菌在组成及丰度上存在着明显差异,蓝细菌门是浮游细菌第一优势菌门,疣微菌门是附着细菌第一优势菌门;Biolog-ECO板中平均每孔颜色变化率(average well colour development,AWCD)检测发现,不同微生物组的碳源利用能力与时间表现出正相关性;浮游生物的变化幅度最大,说明对碳源利用能力最强,其生物活性明显高于附着微生物,不同基质上的附着微生物活性依次为人工水草>芦苇>棕榈片>网片基质;主成分分析显示,不同微生物群落代谢作用的主要碳源类型为氨基酸类、聚合糖类和醇类,不同微生物群落差异主要体现在对氨基酸类和聚合糖类碳源的利用上。研究表明,微生物群落结构差异是导致微生物利用碳源整体能力和偏好程度不同的主要原因之一,相对附着细菌而言,浮游细菌在生态系统物质循环和能量流动方面发挥着更加重要的作用。

To understand effects of microbial community characteristics in fisheries environment on ecological cycle,the community structure and utilization capacity of carbon sources of plankton nets in the water and microorganisms attached to different substrates including palm flakes(group A),nets(group B),artificial aquatic plants(group C),reeds(group D)and plankton nets(group E)pelagic microorganisms were investigated in Shihou Lake in Xiong an Area(38°50′30″-38°51′0″N,115°59′20″-115°59′40″E)in October 2019,by combination of high-throughput sequencing and Biolog-ECO.The results showed that the Verrucomicrobia,Proteobacteria,Cyanobacteria,and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacteria in the lake,with obvious differences in composition and abundance between the pelagic bacteria and the adherent bacteria.Verrucomicrobia was found to be the first dominant bacterium in the adherent bacteria,and Cyanobacteria the first dominant bacterium in the pelagic bacteria.The average color change rate in each Biolog-ECO well showed that there was positively correlated with the time schedule of carbon resource utilization ability in different microbiomes.The descending order of biological activity of attached microorganisms on different substrates was described as artificial aquatic grass>reed>palm palm>net.Principal component analysis showed that the main types of carbon source for metabolism of different microbial communities were found to be amino acids,polymerized sugars and alcohols,and the differences in different microbial communities were mainly reflected in the utilization of amino acids and polymerized sugars.In conclusion,the difference in microbial community structure was attributed in the difference in the overall ability and preference for carbon source utilization.Compared with attached bacteria,pelagic bacteria played more important role in the material circulation and energy flow in the ecosystem.