木帆船时代三沙海域航海“定位”初探

A Study of Navigation“Positioning”in Sansha Sea Areain the Time of Wooden Sailing Boats

木帆船时代,海南潭门与文昌渔民是三沙海域的主要开发者。他们经过千百年的实践总结并形成了纸质文献《更路簿》。但《更路簿》的使用离不开航海过程渔民对南海诸岛及相关海域的物候观察,以及人文习俗。木帆船时代,如果没有渔民世代累积和口头传承的物候定位,《更路簿》在耕海和贸易中的“导航”功用就不可能实现。物候定位与《更路簿》、“斗台风”等构成了海南渔民开发三沙海域的主要航海技艺。海南渔民开发三沙海域的航海技艺是三沙历史文化的灵魂。

In the time of wooden sailing boats,the fishermen of Tanmen and Wenchang were themain developers of Sansha sea area.After hundreds of years of practice,they summarized and formed the paper document Geng Lu Bu.However,the use of the guide book can not be separated from the observation of phenology and customs of the relevant sea areas.In the time of wooden sailing,the function of this guide book in sea farming and trade would not have been realized without the phenological positioning resulting from fishermen s accumulation and oral inheritance.Phenological positioning,Geng Lu Bu,and fighting typhoons constitute the main of navigation skills with which Hainan fishermen haven developed Sansha sea area.These skills are the soul of Sansha history and culture.