波伏瓦对新中国初期文学的观察与批评——以《长征:中国纪行》为对象

Simone de Beauvoir s Observation and Criticism Towards theEarly Literature in New China:Based on The Long March:An Account of Modern China

西蒙娜·德·波伏瓦在长篇纪实作品《长征:中国纪行》中,对新中国初期的文化语境、文学导向、创作成就与缺憾进行了敏锐而客观的评论,传达出独立、深刻的见解。她深入研究特定历史阶段下中国的现实社会状况、文化发展条件,将文学的“普及”策略置于这一时代背景下给予充分理解,肯定了文学创作在宣传社会主义思想、鼓舞人民进步、反映现实矛盾等方面发挥的积极作用;针对西方学者的一些抨击,波伏瓦给予有理有据的反批评,但她也质疑那些禁锢文学创作活力的“教条”,探究损害文学真实性的根源,指出过度强化文学为政治服务、过激进行文艺斗争的弊端。波伏瓦的观察与批评尽管存在历史局限和认识误区,然而她的视角为我们呈现特殊的参照性镜像,对于重新审视、反思文学与政治、与时代、与人民之间的根本关系是有积极意义的。

In the long documentary work The Long March:An Account of Modern China,the author Simone de Beauvoir made her profound and unbiased comments on the cultural context,the orientation,achievements,and shortcomings of literature during the early China era through her keen observations.Beauvoir did an in-depth investigation of the societal environment and cultural-development condition during a specific historical period,then presented a comprehensive understanding of the literature“popularizing”strategies under the background of that era.Beauvoir acknowledged the positive role of literature creation in promoting socialist ideology,inspiring people to make progress,and revealing realistic contradictions.Targeting some attacks from European scholars,Beauvoir responded with her reasonable and evidence-based countercriticism.Beauvoir also questioned the dogmatism that held back the vitality of literary creation,investigated the root that was impairing the authenticity of literature,and pointed out the drawbacks of overly utilizing literature as a political practice and overly excessive competition in liberal arts.Although Beauvoir s observation and criticisms have historical limitations and misunderstandings,her point of view serves as a special reference mirror that had a positive significance for us to reevaluate and reflect the fundamental relationships between literature,politics,the times and the people.