再论正反同义结构“除非……,不……”与 “除非……,(才)……”——兼谈“除非”词义唯一论的认知语用基础及其局限性

Revisiting a Pair of Affirmative and Negative Forms in Chinese with the Same Meaning——The Cognitive Pragmatic Basis and the Limitation of the View“Chufei(除非)”Has Only One Meaning

“除非……,不……”与“除非……,(才)……”,是“除非”一词在使用中的两个同义原型句式结构,两个结构同义的原因是“除非”一词兼表否定义和肯定义。在“除非……,不……”结构中,“除非”表否定义;在“除非……,(才)……”结构中,“除非”表肯定义。受认知语用因素影响,有些学者持“除非”词义唯一论,认为“除非”只有否定义,或只有肯定义。将“除非”词义统一为仅表否定义或肯定义,有赖于特定语境环境下信息发出者和信息接收者之间的互动效应,因此,它具有较强的语境依赖性。

“Chufei(除非)……,bu(不)……”and“chufei(除非)……,cai(才)……”are two synonymous archetypal sentence structures.The reason why the two structures are synonymous is that the word“chufei(除非)”expresses both negative meaning and positive meaning.In the structure“Chufei(除非)……,bu(不)……”,“chufei(除非)”expresses negative meaning;in the structure“chufei(除非)……,cai(才)……”,“chufei(除非)”expresses positive meaning.Influenced by the cognitive pragmatic factors,some scholars hold that“chufei(除非)”has only negative meaning or positive meaning.The unification of the meaning of“chufei(除非)”into only positive meaning or only negative meaning relies on the interaction between the sender and receiver of information in a specific context,so it has strong context dependence.