远程教育背景下的著作权限制与例外规则:挑战与回应

Copyright Restrictions and Exceptions in Distance Education:Challenges and Responses

远程教育具有不同于传统教学模式的特点,较难适用现有的著作权限制与例外,存在著作权侵权风险。扩张教学型著作权限制与例外规则既是出于教育公益性质和教学市场利益的考量,也契合国际条约的规定和各国立法的新趋势,具有较强的正当性基础。为此,从解释论上,需要在司法实践中对教学型著作权限制和例外规则的主体、数量、行为、性质等做出适当扩张的解释;从立法论上,应在著作权法修改中进一步完善教学型合理使用规则,使其适用于远程教育中的直播授课模式和资料传输模式,同时改造法定许可规则,将其扩大适用于远程教育中的慕课学习模式。

Distance education has new characteristics different from the traditional teaching mode.Existing copyright restrictions and exceptions are difficult to apply so there is a certain degree of copyright infringement risk.The expansion of copyright restriction and exception rules for teaching is not only for public interest and business interest,but also in line with international treaties and the new trend of national legislations both provide a strong foundation of legitimacy.Therefore,for purpose of judicial interpretation,there is a need to expand the subject,quantity,behavior,nature and other conditions of existing copyright restriction and exception rules.From the legislative perspective,copyright laws,especially the fair use clause,as applicable to teaching should be revised for further improvement so that they can be applied to live teaching and data transmission in distance education.The content of the statutory license provisions should also be transformed to include MOOC learning.