多维框架下老年人口贫困与不平等的动态变化

The Dynamic Change of Poverty and Inequality of the Elderly under a Multidimensional Framework

利用2002—2014年中国老年人健康长寿影响因素调查(CLHLS)数据,选取健康、医疗服务、生活条件、收入和主观福利5个维度的8个指标建立多维测量框架,基于比较静态和动态视角对老年人口多维贫困及不平等进行测度与分解,并进行城乡异质性分析。研究发现:21世纪以来,城乡老年人口的多维贫困与多维不平等程度均呈下降趋势,并在长期趋于收敛。在维度贡献分布上,健康和主观福利对多维贫困的贡献率逐渐取代收入维度的主要地位;引入贫困持续期后发现,随着贫困持续期临界值的提高,城市老年人的长期贫困强度逐渐超过农村。维度分解下,收入和生活条件仍是对长期多维贫困贡献率相对较高的维度。后脱贫时代的反贫困政策需要关注老年人口贫困的多维性、相对性和长期性,同时需要形成城乡统筹的贫困治理体系,帮助实现长期可持续减贫。

This paper uses the CLHLS data from 2002 to 2014 to build a multidimensional poverty measurement framework,which combines five dimensions and eight indicators.Based on comparative static and dynamic perspectives,the changes in the multidimensional poverty and inequality of the Chinese elderly population were measured and decomposed.The findings show that the overall multidimensional poverty and inequality of Chinese elderly people are declining,with a relatively limited decline in multidimensional inequality.In terms of the dimensional contributions,the health and subjective well-being dimensions have gradually replaced the income dimension in the dominant position of the contribution to multidimensional poverty over time.After the introduction of the character of poverty duration,it is found that the gap between urban and rural poverty prevalence and the duration continues to shrink with the critical value of the duration of poverty increases.Meanwhile,the long-term poverty intensity of the urban elderly has gradually exceeded that of rural areas.Under dimensional decomposition,income and living conditions have a relatively high contribution rate of long-term multidimensional poverty.According to the study,anti-poverty policies in the post-poverty era need to pay attention to the multidimensional,relative,and long-term nature of poverty among the elderly population.In the meantime,policymakers need to form a poverty governance system integrating urban and rural areas to help achieve long-term sustainable poverty reduction.