中国农村土地征收补偿分配制度的发展及演变——基于55份政策文本的内容分析(1978-2019年)

The Development and Evolution of China's Rural Land Acquisition Compensation and Distribution System from the Perspective of Policy Tools:Analysis Based on 55 Policy Texts(1978—2019)

征收补偿制度是土地征收制度的重要内容,其演变反映了城市化过程中经济与社会结构的变化。系统梳理涉及土地征收补偿的中央政策文本,试图从宏观政策层面厘清土地征收补偿政策的发展脉络,进而分析其演变逻辑;重点从征地补偿内容、补偿分配对象、安置方式和政策工具方面分析政策文本,比对相应政策的变迁和各自的特征。根据四个方面的变化,将改革开放以来我国农村土地征收补偿分配政策的变迁历史划分为四个阶段;结合宏观背景,探讨了背后的推动因素。进一步完善我国农村土地征收补偿分配政策,应建立统分结合的土地征收补偿政策体系,重点关注需求型政策的制定和落实,在具体方案中要注重社会参与性。

The expropriation compensation system is not only an important part of the land expropriation system,but its evolution also reflects the changes in the economic and social structure in the process of urbanization.However,the current academic land acquisition system is mainly concerned with the form and impact of the land acquisition system,focusing on land acquisition methods and the problems caused by the corresponding compensation distribution.However,there are relatively little researches on land acquisition compensation distribution schemes and mechanisms,and most of them are case studies,lacking a comprehensive analysis of the land acquisition compensation system.Although the policy documents of different localities are different at different stages,they are all guided by the central policy.Therefore,this article systematically sorts out the central policy texts related to land acquisition compensation,then analyzes its evolution logic.This article focuses on analyzing the policy texts from the content of land acquisition compensation,compensation distribution objects,resettlement methods,and policy tools,and compares the changes in the corresponding policies and their respective characteristics.At the same time,according to the changes in four aspects,the history of China's rural land acquisition compensation and distribution policy has been divided into four stages since the reform and opening up.Finally,combined with the macro background,the driving factors behind it are discussed.