生产率冲击、劳动力调整成本与企业劳动力资源配置

Productivity Shock,Labor Adjustment Cost,and Enterprises'Labor Resource Allocation

随着国际国内经营环境不确定性增加,企业持续遭遇生产率负向冲击,同时又面临高企的劳动力调整成本。在此双重压力下,我国企业不能适时调整劳动力投入,实现劳动力有效流动以应对生产率冲击,导致实际与最优劳动力配置差距扩大,降低劳动力资源配置效率,造成劳动力资源错配。来自工业企业数据库的简约式回归分析为上述理论判断提供了证据。进一步结构分析发现,降低劳动力调整成本能显著提升外商独资企业(包括中国港澳台)的人均产出水平,而国内企业对生产率冲击更为敏感。因此,提供稳定的经营环境,降低企业用工的制度成本,走差异化的“减负增效”之路才能提高我国企业劳动资源配置效率。

With the increasing uncertainty of the international and domestic business environment,enterprises continue to suffer the negative impact of productivity,and at the same time face high labor adjustment costs.Under this dual pressure,Chinese enterprises cannot timely adjust labor input and realize effective labor flow to cope with the impact of productivity,which leads to the widening gap between actual and optimal labor allocation,reduces the efficiency of labor resource allocation,and causes the phenomenon of misallocation and deterioration of labor resources.A concise regression analysis from the industrial enterprise database provides evidence for the above theoretical judgment.Further structural analysis shows that reducing labor adjustment costs can significantly improve the per capita output level of foreign-funded enterprises(including Hong Kong China,Macao China,and Taiwan China),while domestic enterprises are more sensitive to productivity shocks.Therefore,only by providing a stable operating environment,reducing the institutional cost of employment,and taking a differentiated path of"reducing the burden and increasing efficiency"can improve the allocation efficiency of labor resources in Chinese enterprises.