山崎闇斋的“脱佛入儒”及其佛教批判

Yamazaki Ansai s Departing from Buddhism to Confucianism and the Criticism of Buddhism

缕析被视为山崎闇斋与佛教决裂而以一介儒士或朱子学的信徒昭告世人的宣言书——《辟异》就会发现,该作乃是一部采撷朱熹、李退溪、薛敬轩、黄东发等朱子学者的“辟佛”言论而成的佛教批判集。虽然《辟异》之作谈不上是山崎闇斋独创性的思想发明,但其高扬朱子学之大纛、致力于朱子学的传播,且又与德川幕府进行政治合作,对近世日本的学术思想和意识形态构建产生了重要影响。从儒佛论争的东亚思想史视野予以考量的话,山崎闇斋佛教批判的理论话语和思维形态并没有溢脱出中国宋明理学“辟佛”论的藩囿,但从日本历史发展及其思想论争之变迁观之,其彰显出了日本近世由佛向儒的意识形态转变面向。

After analyzing the work Hekii in detail,which is regarded as Yamazaki Ansai s declaration of his break with Buddhism as a confucian scholar and the disciple of Syusigaku,it will be found that this work is a compilation of Critical Buddhism from the opinions of“Pifo”(anti-Buddhist/the Criticism of Buddhism)of Zhu Xi,Li Tuixi,Xue Jingxuan,Huang Dongfa and other scholars of Syusigaku.Although the work is not the original creation of Yamazaki Ansai,it has an important influence on the academic thought and ideological construction of modern Japan by holding and disseminating Syusigaku,conducting political cooperation with Tokugawa Shogunate.From the perspective of the debate between Confucianism and Buddhism in ideological history of East Asia,the theory and thinking pattern of Yamazaki Ansai s Buddhism criticism did not escape from the confines of Song and Ming Neo-Confucianism in China.However,on the view of the historical development of Japan and the change of the ideological debate,it shows the ideological transformation from Buddhism to Confucianism in Modern Japan.