战国中山国男子服饰考略

A study of men’s clothing in Zhongshan State in the Warring States Period

20世纪70年代开始,河北省平山县三汲乡一带相继发现战国中山国灵寿古城遗址、战国早期中山鲜虞贵墓葬、战国中山国王族墓葬,以及大小百余座平民墓葬,共计出土文物两万余件套。文章以其中带有男性人物形象的青铜器、陶器为主要研究对象,通过文献研究、线稿绘制、同类比较等方法,揭示战国中山国中下层平民男子服饰款式特征。研究发现,在中山国存续的118年间,男子服饰从早期的单一胡服向后期的“角色化、等级化、中原化”发展,强调实用性的同时兼顾礼乐制度。这一结果为后期研究中山国与周围各诸侯国之间的服饰文化交流提供了一定的参考。

Since the 1970s,in the area of Sanji Township,Pingshan county,Hebei province,a total of over 20000 pieces of cultural relics have been unearthed,from the ruins of Lingshou ancient city in Zhongshan State of the Warring States Period,Xianyu noble tombs in the early Warring States Period,royal tombs of Zhongshan State in the Warring States Period,and more than 100 noble and civilian tombs.Taking the bronze and pottery with male characters as the main research object,through literature research,line draft drawing,similar comparison and other methods,this paper reveals the characteristics of the clothing styles of middle-and lower-class civilian men in the Warring States Period.It is found that during the 118 years of the existence of Zhongshan State,men’s clothing evolved from single Hu clothing in the early stage to"role-based,hierarchical and Central Plains"in the later stage,emphasizing practicality while taking into account the ritual and music system.This result provides a certain reference for the subsequent research on the exchanges of clothing culture between Zhongshan State and the surrounding vassal states.