中国文化消费收入弹性的变动趋势研究

The Changing Trend of Income Elasticity of Cultural Consumption in China

随着消费升级,人们更加注重精神文化需求,文化消费是否已成为居民日常生活必需品引起广泛关注。本文基于2002—2018年我国31个省(区、市)的面板数据,对收入增长情形下居民文化消费收入弹性的变化趋势进行分析,同时从物质与文化消费关系的角度对引起该变化的机制展开研究。研究表明:收入增长情形下我国居民文化消费行为呈现较为刚性的新特征。具体而言,2008年伴随着人均GDP突破3000美元,我国居民文化消费收入弹性显著下降,此后文化类商品逐渐成为居民生活必需品;收入增长背景下居民物质消费与文化消费间关系的转变是造成我国居民文化消费收入弹性下降的关键原因,2008年后随着收入水平的进一步提高,居民物质消费对文化消费的影响由替代转为推动,文化商品和服务逐渐成为居民生活中的重要组成部分;受区域经济发展不平衡影响,我国东、中、西、东北部地区居民文化消费收入弹性存在明显差异。为进一步推动文化消费的良性发展,应提高居民家庭可支配收入水平,释放其文化消费潜力;完善社会保障体系,优化民生服务,稳定居民文化消费预期;加快文化产业供给结构调整,打造与居民文化消费需求新特点相适应的文化产业布局;加大对经济落后地区的支持力度,因地制宜发展具有区域特色的文化产业。

With the upgrading of consumption,people pay more attention to spiritual and cultural demands,and whether cultural consumption has become a necessity of residents’ daily life has attracted widespread attention. Based on the panel data of 31 provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities in China from 2002 to2018,this paper analyzes the changing trend of residents’ income elasticity of cultural demand under the situation of income growth. Meanwhile,this paper also studies the mechanism that causes this change from the perspective of the relationship between residents’ material consumption and cultural consumption. The results show that:( 1) With the growth of income,the cultural consumption behavior of Chinese residents shows a new characteristic of relative rigidity. In 2008,with the per capita GDP exceeding 3000 US dollars,the income elasticity of cultural consumption of Chinese residents decreased significantly. Since then,cultural commodities have gradually become"necessities"in people’s life;( 2) The change of the relationship between residents’ material consumption and cultural consumption is the key reason for the decline of residents’ income elasticity of cultural consumption. After 2008,With the further rise of the income level,the impact of residents’ material consumption on cultural consumption has changed from substitution to promotion,and cultural goods and services have gradually become an important part of residents’ life;( 3) Affected by the imbalance of regional economic development,there are obvious differences in the income elasticity of cultural demand among residents in the eastern,central,western,and northeastern regions of China. In order to further promote the sound development of cultural consumption,the disposable income level of households should be increased to release their cultural consumption potential;the social security system should be improved,people’s livelihood services should be optimized,and residents’ cultural consumption expectations should be stabilized. It is also necessary to speed up the adjustment of the cultural industry supply structure,create a cultural industry layout that is compatible with the new characteristics of residents’ cultural consumption needs;increase support for economically backward areas,and develop cultural industries with regional characteristics in accordance with local conditions.