长江中下游区增殖放流现状与对策研究

Current status and suggestions on stock enhancement in the middle and lower Yangtze River area

水生生物增殖放流是修复、维持和扩增物种自然种群规模的重要手段。本文基于全国水生生物资源养护信息系统采集的基础数据,对长江中下游区2016-2019年增殖放流现状进行了系统分析。结果表明:近4年在长江中下游区的89处河流、湖泊、水库进行了增殖放流,涉及72种水生生物,隶属于21目31科,其中鱼类55种、贝类7种、虾3种、蟹2种、龟鳖类2种、两栖类2种,水母类1种。2016-2019年累计放流水生生物134.3亿单位(尾/粒/只),累计投入资金6.3亿元,年均放流水生生物34.0亿单位(变幅22.0亿~39.4亿单位),年均投入资金1.6亿元(变幅1.2亿~1.8亿元)。主要放流经济种包括鳙(Hypophthalmichthys nobilis)、鲢(H.molitrix)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)(3种鱼类放流数量占经济种的82.0%),主要放流珍稀濒危种为胭脂鱼(Myxocyprinus asiaticus)(放流数量占濒危种的82.0%)。按放流数量统计,以渔民增收、生物净水和保护生物多样性为目的分别占69.9%、57.2%、0.08%。为提高长江流域禁捕后增殖放流工作的成效,建议:减少或停止在天然水域放流经济性物种,增加濒危物种放流比例;研究优化放流时间、地点、规格和方法,兼顾放流成本和成活率;科学开展放流物种遗传管理,提高放流物种种质质量;加强增殖放流效果评估,切实采取有针对性的措施提高放流成效。

Artificial enhancement and release are essential means to rehabilitate, maintain and increase the population of aquatic organisms.Based on the National Information Collection System on Aquatic Biological Resources Conservation data, this paper systematically analyzed the current situation of aquatic biological resources enhancement and release in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River area from 2016 to 2019.The results showed that the activities of enhancement and release had been carried out in 89 area of rivers, lakes and reservoirs in the middle and lower Yangtze river in these four years,involving 72 species, belonging to 21 orders and 31 families, including 55 species of fish, 7 species of shellfish, 3 species of shrimp, 2 species of crab, 2 species of turtles, 2 species of amphibians and 1 species of jellyfish.A total of 13.43 billion individuals of aquatic organisms were released, with a total investment of 630 million yuan from 2016 to 2019.On average, about 3.4 billion individuals of aquatic organisms were released every year(with the range from 2.2 to 3.94 billion),and the average annual investment was 160 million yuan(with the content from 120 to 180 million yuan).The main economic species released were Hypophthys nobilis, H.molitrix and Ctenopharyngodon idellus, which accounted for 82.0% of all economic species.Among the released endangered species, the most released species is Myxocyprinus asiaticus,accounting for 82.0% of all the released endangered species.Based on the releasing number, 69.9%,57.2%,and 0.08% of the released species were to increase fishermen′s income, natural water purification, and protecting biodiversity, respectively.Four suggestions were recommended to improve the effectiveness of the artificial enhancement and release after ban fishing in the Yangtze River basin:(1) decrease the number or stop to release the commercial species, and increase the release number of endangered species,(2) optimize the release time, site, size and methods based on economic cost and effectiveness;(3) scientifically manage and improve the germplasm quality of released species;(4) strengthen to evaluate the effects of the release and take the targeted measures to improve the effectiveness.