金融化、金融全球化和金融地理学发展

Financialization,Financial Globalization and the Development of Financial Geography

金融地理学主要研究金融要素和活动的空间分布及影响,是经济地理学的重要分支。随着金融化和金融全球化的发展,城市与区域发展金融化和全球金融网络等成为金融地理学的新兴前沿领域,文章重点梳理和评述以上两个领域的最新研究进展。一方面,分权化、财政紧缩以及发展为导向的政治动机促使政府积极实施并推广金融化政策和金融工具,城市与区域发展的金融化主要集中在住房、土地及基础设施等领域,大量的案例研究分析各级政府采用金融化政策的动机、过程以及影响,揭示金融化带来的政府治理变革的迫切性和巨大挑战。另一方面,在金融全球化浪潮下,地方经济和全球金融市场有了更广泛和直接的联系,全球金融网络(Global Financial Network,简称GFN)的提出为分析金融全球化如何影响区域发展提供分析框架,已有研究致力于揭示企业和地方经济融入GFN的过程和影响,以及定量刻画GFN中的企业和城市/区域网络。最后,文章倡议国内学者关注金融地理领域,特别是要利用中国丰富的素材加强对城市与区域发展金融化和全球金融网络的研究。

Financial geography investigates the spatial distribution and influence of financial factors and activities,and it is an important branch of economic geography. With the development of financialization and financial globalization,the financialization of urban and regional development and global financial network have become the focus of financial geography research. This paper focuses on the latest research progress in the above two research fields. On the one hand,the lack of funds caused by fiscal austerity and decentralization, and the development-oriented motivation have urged local governments to actively implement and promote financialization policies and financial instruments in urban and regional development. A large amount of research attention has been paid to the financialization of housing, land and infrastructure, and the results indicate the complexity of the process and consequences of financialization at urban and regional level and calls for further responses for urban governance. On the other hand,the global financial network(GFN)has been proposed by economic geographers aimed to explore the impacts of financial globalization on local economy development. Existing empirical studies examined the process and consequences of integrating into GFN via overseas listings based on the cases on firm and regional level,which has enriched the understanding on globalization and regional development. In addition,the inter-firm and inter-city networks within the GFN are unpacked,which is helpful to better understand the structure and evolution of the global financial landscape. In the end, this paper advocates more research attention to the financial geography,particularly the urban and regional financialization and financial globalization in the contexts of China.