竞争法和贸易救济法功能定位之厘清--以《欧盟外国补贴白皮书》为核心

Clarification of Function and Positioning of Competition Law and Trade Remedy Law--Focusing on the EU White Paper on Foreign Subsidies

欧盟委员会发布的《关于在外国补贴方面创造公平竞争环境的白皮书》试图用竞争法的思路替代贸易救济法来规制补贴。欧盟委员会声称该文件的出发点是为了维护欧盟统一市场的公平竞争环境,解决外国补贴在欧盟统一市场内对竞争产生的影响,主要包括与外国补贴相关的市场扭曲、对欧盟企业收购以及政府采购等问题。《欧盟外国补贴白皮书》功能定位的合理性值得质疑和商榷,其可能产生的实际影响与其所追求的价值目标不符。《欧盟外国补贴白皮书》中市场扭曲的定义不清、标准不明且认定权缺乏约束,贸易救济法和竞争法的杂糅,最终可能导致滥用审查权形成贸易保护主义的结果。

The European Commission issued the White Paper on Levelling the Playing Field as Regards Foreign Subsidies,aiming at maintaining a level playing field in the EU’s single market.The EU White Paper on Foreign Subsidies mainly proposes suggestions on how to deal with the impact of foreign subsidies on competition in the EU’s single market.The proposal involves issues such as "market distortion"caused by foreign subsidies,the impact of foreign subsidies on the acquisition of EU companies,and foreign subsidies in government procurement.The rationale of the functional positioning of the EU White Paper on Foreign Subsidies is questionable.Its possible impact may be inconsistent with the value objective it is pursuing,for there may be issues such as confusing definition of market distortion,unclear standards,and lack of restrictions on the right to determine.The fusion of trade remedy law and competition law may eventually lead to the result of trade protection within the EU.This article analyzes the above issues,and then makes recommendations for the EU White Paper on Foreign Subsidies to clarify the boundaries between trade remedy law and competition law.