通勤时间、社区活动对社区社会资本的影响:基于北京26个社区的调查研究

The Influence of Commute Duration and Community Activities on Community Social Capital:A Study Based on 26 Communities Survey in Beijing

城市扩张和郊区化显著增加居民的通勤时间,减少居民在社区内及周边开展的日常活动,进而可能对居民的社区社会资本产生消极影响。基于2017年北京市26个社区居民的社区融合与活动日志问卷调查数据,通过构建结构方程模型,探讨通勤时间、社区活动对社区社会资本的影响机制。结果发现,控制居民社会经济属性和社区区位后,长时间通勤会减少居民在社区及周边1000 m范围内开展的活动,并进一步对社区社交网络结构、社会信任和共同价值等社区社会资本的不同维度产生负面影响。此外,社区活动中社交娱乐活动的中介效应显著,而个人和家庭事务活动中介效应不显著。最后,证实了促进职住平衡、减少职住分离的规划政策对于增加居民社区活动及培育社区社会资本的重要意义。

Urban expansion and suburbanization sharply increase residents’commute duration,reduce opportunities of community participation,and then reduce community social capital.Previous research has found that commute duration is negatively associated with social activity,social participation and social trust in western cites.However,existing research lacks the direct evidence on the mechanism of the influence of daily activity system on community social capital.Furthermore,few studies conducted in Chinese cities.During the fast urbanization and huge transition process from danwei to neighborhoods in China,similar problems of home-work separation,long commuting and decreased social capital have also appeared in Chinese communities.Therefore,based on the 2017 social cohesion and activity diary survey in 26 communities in Beijing,this study explored the influence mechanism of commute burden and community activities on community social capital through structure equation model(SEM).Community social capital was measured by community social network structure and social trust and mutual value.Community activities were measured by whether respondents had out-home nonwork activities within community life circles(1000 m buffer).They were further divided into two categories,personal and family-related affairs and social and recreational activities.SEM was employed to testify the assumption that commute duration has negative influence on community social capital,through the mediating effect of community activities.Socio-economic status,housing tenure and housing source,as well as community location,were used as exogenous variables to control the SEM.The results showed:1)Long commute duration was found to negatively relate to activities conducted within community circles,and then negatively influence community social network and further perceived social trust and common value.2)The role of different types of activities within community life circles is different:the mediating effect of social and recreational activities were significant while personal and family-related affairs had no significance.3)Young,highly-educated and high-income residents,as well those with shorter length of residence and living in suburban communities have more commute burden,less community activities and lower community social capital.This study has proved the influence mechanism that commute burden has negative influence on community social capital through the mediating effect of community activities.The result reflects the social effects of individual daily activity system.Hence,jobs-housing balance can not only reduce vehicle travels and transportation carbon emissions,but also benefit community social construction through increasing community activities.In addition,to improve the quality of life of residents through community life circles should not be limited to the improvement of the built environment and service facilities,but should start from the residents’daily activity-travel system and improve the overall activity arrangement,including jobs-housing relationships.