2018年四川省中小学生近视现况调查

Prevalence of Myopia among Children and Adolescents in Sichuan Province

目的了解和分析四川省儿童青少年近视流行现状,为制定近视防控措施提供科学依据。方法2018-11/12在四川省9个市州采用分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取小学至高中共12个年级41532名儿童青少年进行近视调查。近视筛查方法和判定标准按照《儿童青少年近视筛查规范》进行,近视程度按照《儿童青少年近视防控适宜技术指南》划分。近视检出率的比较采用χ2检验,采用Gamma检验分析近视程度与学龄段的关系。结果四川省儿童青少年近视患病率为55.8%,女生近视患病率(59.1%)高于男生(52.4%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=192.669,P<0.001);城市学生近视患病率(58.0%)高于农村学生(53.0%)(χ^(2)=101.590,P<0.001);寄宿制学生近视患病率(74.7%)高于非寄宿制学生(49.1%)(χ^(2)=2133.143,P<0.001)。随着学龄段的升高,学生近视患病率呈逐渐上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=2896.381,P<0.001),且近视程度逐渐趋向于高度(G=0.618,P<0.001)。结论四川省儿童青少年近视患病率处于较高水平,防控形势严峻,亟须采取有针对性的措施改善近视流行状况。

Objective To understand the prevalence of myopia among children and adolescents in Sichuan Province so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of myopia.Methods From November to December in 2018,41532 children and adolescents from 12 grades from primary school to senior high school were selected by using a stratified cluster random sampling method in 9 cities of Sichuan Province.Myopia screening methods were carried out according to the"Specification for myopia screening in children and adolescents",the degree of myopia was classified based on the guide to appropriate techniques for prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents.Results The prevalence of myopia in children and adolescents in Sichuan Province was 55.8%.The prevalence of myopia was higher in girls than that in boys(59.1%vs.52.4%,χ^(2)=192.669,P<0.001).The prevalence of myopia in urban students was higher than that in rural students(58.0%vs.53.0%,χ^(2)=101.590,P<0.001).Boarding students have higher prevalence of myopia was higher non-boarding students(74.7%vs.49.1%,χ^(2)=2133.143,P<0.001).With the increase of school age,the prevalence of myopia increased gradually(χ^(2)_(trend)=2596.381,P<0.001),as well as the prevalence of high myopia(G=0.707,P<0.001).Conclusion The prevalence of myopia among children and adolescents in Sichuan Province is at a high level,and the situation of prevention and control is grim.It is urgent to take targeted measures to improve the prevalence of myopia.