构建藏品与观众的联系——基于底特律艺术博物馆展览实践的启发

Building the Connection Between Collections and Visitors: Inspiration from the Exhibition Practice of the Detroit Institute of Arts

构建藏品与观众的联系已经成为21世纪西方博物馆界的工作重点。美国底特律艺术博物馆秉承阐释性策展理念,把藏品的内涵挖掘与多元的观众体验放在同等重要的位置,通过故事化的藏品组合与情境式的环境再现,建立起观众与藏品"背后的人"在知识、情感与经历上的关联与对话,完成藏品之于个人的意义建构。与观众密切关联的藏品不仅可以激发参观动机和学习兴趣,完成个人知识体系的确认、强化与拓展,还能使观众从自己的角度去认知藏品,引发不同参观主体的多样化洞察与思考。我国博物馆可以借鉴阐释性策展的有关方法,引导观众更容易地理解并接受藏品背后的历史与文化信息,提升展览的传播效率,培养观众独立思考的能力,更好地实现博物馆的教育职能。

Building the connection between collections and visitors has become the focus of the western museum industry in the 21 st century. The Detroit Museum of Arts upholds the concept of interpretive planning, regarding the abundant connotation of the collections as equally important as the diverse experience of the visitors. Through the story-oriented arrangement of collections and reproduction of contextual environment, the museum sets up a dialogue between the visitors and "the persons behind the collections" about knowledge, emotion and experience and helps the visitors to form a personalized image of the collections. The collection closely related to the visitors can stimulate the motivation and interest of learning, complete the confirmation, reinforcement and expansion of self-knowledge, and furthermore enable the visitors to understand the collection from their own perspective, arousing diverse insights and reflections from different visitors. Chinese museums can learn from the relevant methods of interpretive planning, guide the visitors to understand and accept the historical and cultural information behind the collections more easily, improve the efficiency of exhibition communication, cultivate the visitors’ ability of independent thinking and better realize the educational function of the museum.