被遗忘权的刑事司法保护研究——从犯罪记录封存的角度

On Criminal Judicial Protection of the Right to Be Forgotten——From the Point of View of Criminal Records Sealing

作为精神型的人格权,被遗忘权发端于刑事司法,但当前却在民商事领域全面发展,在刑事司法领域"被遗忘"。以刑事犯罪记录封存制度为例,应合理界定被遗忘权在刑事司法领域的外延与内涵。被遗忘权在行使的过程中,会与公共安全、新闻自由等领域产生法益冲突,因此须明确国家安全与公共安全优先原则、对被遗忘权主体范围适当限制、划定被遗忘权的适用案件范围,力图实现被遗忘权刑事司法保护中的价值平衡。

As a spiritual personality right,the right to be forgotten originated from criminal justice,but at present it has developed in an all-round way in the field of civil and commercial affairs and has been "forgotten" in the field of criminal justice.Taking the criminal record sealing system as an example,the denotation and connotation of the right to be forgotten in the field of criminal justice should be reasonably defined.In the process of exercising the right to be forgotten,it will conflict with the legal interests in the fields of public security and press freedom.Therefore,it is necessary to clarify the priority principle of national security and public security,appropriately limit the scope of the subject of the right to be forgotten and delimit the scope of cases applicable to the right to be forgotten so as to realize the value balance in the criminal judicial protection of the right to be forgotten.