超声检测血管内减压性气泡的应用进展

Applications of ultrasound detection of vascular decompression bubbles

潜水员在减压时体内会形成气泡,是导致减压病发生的重要原因。如气泡负荷很高,将会通过肺分流或未闭的卵圆孔进入动脉循环,明显提高减压病的发病率。早期监测气泡往往通过多普勒超声进行听觉监测,现在也可通过二维超声成像进行视觉监测,两种分级可进行很好的比对。早期的二维成像设备不能像多普勒那样提供全面的观测,但随着科技的进步,越来越多改进的、便携式的、相对便宜的设备得以发展。目前大多数超声成像采用谐波技术,可探测到以前无法发现的气泡。该文综述了超声技术检测血管内气泡在减压病诊断中的作用进展。

Bubbles can be formed in divers’bodies when they are decompressed to the surface.Bubbles are the main cause of decompression illness.If the load is high,bubbles will pass through the pulmonary shunt or the patent foramen ovale into the arterial circulation,which will significantly increase the incidence of decompression illness.Bubbles used to be monitored by Doppler ultrasound,but now they can also be monitored by two-dimensional ultrasound imaging.Doppler auditory classification and imaging classification can be well compared.The previous two-dimensional imaging equipment could not ensure as comprehensive observation as Doppler.However,improved,portable and relatively cheap equipment has been developed with the progress of technology.Most ultrasound imaging now uses harmonic technology,which can detect bubbles that could not be found before.In this paper,the role of ultrasound detection of vascular decompression bubbles is outlined.