区域制造业创新驱动力评价及其差异研究

Evaluation on the innovation-driven force of regional manufacturing industry and its differences

随着社会主要矛盾的转化,我国区域制造业创新驱动力不平衡性问题日益突出。如何缩小制造业创新驱动发展的区域差距,打造创新驱动共同体,促进创新驱动区域协调发展,已经成为理论与现实中的重要课题。本文在深入剖析制造业创新驱动力内涵的基础上,以技术创新与制度创新为核心构建制造业创新驱动力评价指标体系,然后采用基于熵权的灰色关联投影综合评价模型对全国总体、东中西分区域和分省域的制造业创新驱动力进行评价分析。结果显示:2006-2017年,我国制造业创新驱动力虽然总体上呈逐步上升态势,但不同区域之间和区域内部制造业创新驱动力均表现出显著的差异性。为此,本文进一步采用基尼系数对区域制造业创新驱动力的差异进行定量研究。结果表明,我国区域制造业创新驱动力的差异性呈现出逐渐拉大趋势,即体现为明显的"马太效应"。本文的研究为我国更好地实施制造业创新驱动发展战略和推进制造业创新驱动区域协调发展,进而推动制造强国和科技强国建设提供了一定的政策启示。

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China 70 years ago, China’s manufacturing industry has made remarkable achievements, no matter in the overall scale of manufacturing industry, or technology content, have created a world miracle. However, as a whole, China’s manufacturing industry is "big but not strong". Compared with the United States, Japan, Germany and other world manufacturing powers, China’s manufacturing industry has been in the middle and low end of the global value chain for a long time, its independent innovation ability is still weak, and there is still a large gap between R&D investment and innovation efficiency. The extensive, high-speed and low-quality development mode of manufacturing industry is facing unprecedented challenges, and the phenomenon of overcapacity is becoming increasingly serious. It is urgent to speed up the transformation of new and old kinetic energy, so as to promote the transformation of the development mode of manufacturing industry from traditional factor driven to innovation driven. Therefore, the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward the "implement the innovation driven development strategy". With the further development of innovation driven development strategy, the gap of innovation driving force between regions and within regions is also expanding, and the imbalance is gradually increasing, which is manifested in the imbalance of innovation resource allocation and the sluggish reform of science and technology system. Therefore, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18 th CPC Central Committee clearly put forward the concept of "innovation, coordination, green, opening and sharing", among them, "innovation" and "coordination" are the top two. Under the background of promoting innovation driven strategy, building a powerful country in science and technology and promoting regional coordinated development, its outstanding role is self-evident. The report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly points out that the main social contradictions in our country have been transformed into the contradiction between the people’s growing needs for a better life and the unbalanced and inadequate development. With the transformation of main social contradiction, theimbalance of innovation-driven force of Chinese regional manufacturing industry is increasingly prominent. How to narrow the regional gap of innovation-driven development, build an innovation-driven community and promote innovation-driven regional coordinated development has become an important topic in theory and reality. Based on the analysis of the connotation of innovation-driven force of manufacturing industry, this paper constructs the evaluation index system of innovation-driven force of manufacturing industry by taking technological innovation and system innovation as the core. Then, the innovation-driven force of manufacturing industry are comprehensively analyzed in the whole country, east, central and west sub-regions, as well as sub-provinces by using the grey correlation projection comprehensive evaluation model based on the entropy method. The results show that: From 2006 to 2017, the innovation-driven force in Chinese manufacturing industry is on the rise in general. However there are obvious differences in the innovation-driven force of manufacturing industry among and within different regions. For this reason, the Gini coefficient is used to analyze the differences of innovation-driven force ofChinese regional manufacturing industry. The result shows that the difference ofinnovation-driven force of Chinese regional manufacturing industrypresents a trend of gradually widening. That is to say, it is embodied in an obvious "Matthew effect". This paper provides some policy implications for China to better implement the innovation-driven development strategy of manufacturing industry and promote the regional coordinated development of innovation-driven of manufacturing industry, so as to promote the construction of a strong manufacturing country and science and technology powers.