论共有物分割请求权的性质及行使方式

On the Nature and Exercising Ways of the Right of Claim for the Division of Common Property

《民法典》第303条承继《物权法》第99条的规定,赋予了按份共有人随时可以请求分割共有物的权利。就共有物分割请求权的性质而言,该权利名为请求权,实为形成权,其不受《民法典》时效制度的规制。共有人可依自己的私人意思自行行使共有物分割请求权,也可借由诉讼的方式行使。共有人通过诉讼方式行使共有物分割请求权时,不必事先经过前置的协商程序,得径行向法院提起分割之诉。在解释论上宜认定共有物分割之诉和共有物分割协议都是行使共有物分割请求权的方式,二者都应具有直接变动物权的效力。具有变动物权效力的分割协议实属共有物分割请求权为形成权的自然逻辑推论,其能更妥当地实现该权利存在的目的,落实自由分割之原则,同时并无妨害交易安全之虞。

As far as the nature of the claim for division of common property is concerned,it is called the right of claim,which is actually the right of formation.It is not regulated by the limitation system of Civil Code.The co-owner can exercise the claim right of the division of the common property according to his own private will,or by way of litigation.When the joint owner exercises the right to request for the division of the common property through litigation,he may file a lawsuit of division with the court without prior consultation procedure.In the interpretative theory,it should be recognized that both the litigation of division of common property and the agreement of division of common property are the ways to exercise the claim right of division of common property,and both of them should have the effect of directly changing the real right.