春秋霸道:恩德政治的初始形态(内政篇)

Overlord Politics in Spring and Autumn Period:The Initial Form of Benevolence Politics(Internal Affairs)

春秋时期各诸侯国出于争霸的需要,施行霸道,其中包括改革内政,德法兼治,成为霸道的内政方面。霸道政治既区别于周代宗法制的王道,也区别于法家的刑政,而是一种恩德政治,即在君民关系和君臣关系方面,建立起施恩-报恩的政治伦理,以爱民、尊贤换得臣民的忠诚。春秋时期建立的霸道政治,作为中国恩德政治的初始形态,在经历了战国以及秦帝国法家政治的否定之后,从汉代开始,得以恢复和发展,从而形成了中国恩德政治的传统。

During the Spring and Autumn Period(770⁃476 BC),all the vassal states reformed their internal affairs and implemented the rule of virtue and law for the sake of hegemony.This was the internal affair side of the overlord politics.Overlord politics is not only different from the patriarchal clan system of the kingcraft of Zhou Dynasty(11th Century⁃256 BC),but also from the criminal justice administration of Legalists.It is a kind of benevolent politics,that is,in the relationship between the monarch and the people and between the monarch and his subjects,the political ethics of giving kindness and repaying kindness is established,and the loyalty of subjects is obtained by loving people and respecting sages.Overlord politics established in the Spring and Autumn Period,as the initial form of Chinese benevolence politics,has been restored and developed since the Han Dynasty(202 BC⁃220 AD)after the denial of Legalist politics in the Warring States Period(475⁃221 BC)and Qin Empire(221⁃06 BC),thus forming the tradition of Chinese benevolence politics.