回到叙述本身:保罗·利科的“事件解释学”

Back to Narrative Itself:On Hermeneutics of Event of Paul Ricoeur

“事件”概念在保罗·利科的使用中不再囿于话语层面,作为文学对象的“事件”被利科纳入其“事件解释学”的路径中。通过回溯叙述作为话语事件的发生状况,区分叙述话语的层级,以及反思叙述事件的意义生成机制,利科将叙事视为一种有内在驱动力的“行动”,“事件解释学”从而构成对结构主义叙述学的批判性反思。它提醒我们,比“科学”地总结一套叙述学知识更重要的是对文学——事件及其叙述本身保持好奇,理解叙事的技艺及其走向行动的潜能。利科虽然拒绝结构主义和总体化的思维方式,但他没有赋予事件具体历史的内涵,在人文主义学术话语的层面执着于解释意义创造事件的发生过程。

In Ricoeur’s usage“event”is not merely treated as discourse event.He bought“event”as literary object into his hermeneutics,which always related to“plot”in the field of narrative.Backtracking the traces of discourse,differentiating the levels of narrative discourse and rethinking the mechanism of meaning creation in narrative event,Ricoeur regards narrative as an“action”with internal driving force,and“event hermeneutics”thus constitutes a critical reflection on structuralist narratology.It reminds us that what is more important than summarizing a set of narrative knowledge“scientifically”is to keep curious about literature,events and their narratives,and to understand narrative skills and their potential for action.Ricoeur rejected structuralism and totalising theories,while he did not endow events with specific historical connotations,just obsessed with the explanations on the process of creating events at the level of humanistic academic discourse.