轨道交通隧道通风及相关系统应对大客流、高密度的适应性和对策思考

Adaptation and Countermeasures of Tunnel Ventilation and Its Related Systems to Rail Transit with Shortened Headway due to High Ridership

随着轨道交通客运压力的增大,部分城市轨道交通线路提前达到或突破设计运能,出现常态化拥堵,拥堵与事故叠加的风险加大。介绍了这些线路中的复杂事故交通场景和“1列车原则”突破的现象,分析了通风系统的适应性,并辅以实际案例,初步探讨了屏蔽门系统、闭式系统等典型制式的基本应对策略及其局限性。最后提出了隧道事故通风理念需要与轨道交通承载的运输功能相适应、需要在运输效率与安全之间寻找新的平衡点以及高密度运营线路有进行风险评估必要的观点。

With ridership increasing,the transport capacity of some urban rail transit lines has reached or exceeded the design value in advance.Crowded condition emerges frequently,so the risk of accidents in tunnel enhances.The complicated accident scenario and the situation of breaking through the principle of"one train in one ventilation zone in tunnel"are demonstrated.The adaptability of ventilation system is analyzed with practical cases.The basic ventilation strategies and their limitations are preliminarily explored for typical environmental control systems such as platform screen door system and closed system.The philosophy of tunnel emergency ventilation design is proposed which highlights the adaptation with rail transit transport capacity and the achievement of a new balance between service efficiency and safety.Risk assessment is considered as a necessity for rail lines with shortened headway.