青藏高原高寒草地的气候变化适应性管理探讨

Climate change adaptive management of alpine grassland on the Tibetan Plateau

青藏高原高寒草地生态系统的生物多样性在国家生态安全、食物安全和弘扬中华草原生态文明中具有突出的战略地位。但气候变化和人类活动的加剧对青藏高原高寒草地生态系统格局和功能产生了深刻影响。因此,本文提出了高寒草地适应气候变化的管理框架:首先,探究气候变化下高寒草地生态系统边界的迁移方向和速率,阐明气候变化对高寒草地生态系统格局和功能变化的调控机制。其次,基于生态系统多功能指标量化青藏高原高寒草地退化等级,并根据高寒草地健康等级状况,提出适应性的围栏生态保护管理措施。但是由于围栏工程对不同水热地区的高寒草地恢复效应具有时空异质性,因而需要利用高寒草地围栏联网控制实验,研究与高寒草地生态系统格局和功能变化密切耦合的控制要素,判断不同高寒草地生态系统功能恢复到自我可持续的关键阈值,并揭示稳态跃变的机理。同时,定期开展适应性管理的效应评估,判断是否需要改进管理体系,进而提出最佳的适应气候变化的管理策略。

The biodiversity of the alpine grassland ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau plays an important role in national ecological security,food security and promoting the ecological civilization of the grassland.However,climate change and the intensification of human activities have generated a profound impact on the distribution and function of alpine grassland ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau.Therefore,the paper proposes a management framework for alpine grassland adaptation to global climate change:firstly,exploring the migration direction and rate of alpine grassland ecosystem boundary under climate change,and further clarifying the regulatory mechanism of climate change on the change of alpine grassland ecosystem pattern and function;moreover,the degradation levels of alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau should be quantified based on multi-functional ecosystem indicators,and adaptive fenced-ecological protection and management measures should be proposed according to the health status of alpine grasslands.However,the restoration effect of the fencing project on the alpine grassland in different hydrothermal areas has spatial and temporal heterogeneity.Therefore,it is necessary to use the fence network control experiment of alpine grassland to study the key control elements that closely coupled with the change of alpine grassland ecosystem pattern and function,and to determine the key threshold for the restoration of different alpine grassland ecosystem functions to self-sustainable,and to reveal the mechanism of the steady-state transition.At the same time,the effect of adaptive management should be evaluated regularly to determine whether the management system needs to be improved,so as to propose the best management strategy to adapt to global changes.