北京大学首开女禁始末考

A Study on the Enrollment of the First Group of Female Students in National Peking University

大学开女禁是中国教育现代化的必由之路。北京大学首开女禁一事在女子教育史及诸多相关研究中都有所提及,但对这一重大事件的梳理尚有欠缺。北大开放女禁的成功,使男女平等接受教育的权利在高等教育上得以实现,对普及平权思想及促使女性的自我觉醒具有重要作用,在中国教育史上具有重大历史意义。作为近代中国首批实现“男女共校”的国立大学,北京大学能开女禁,得益于五四运动对传统女性观的冲击、师生们的积极造势、校长蔡元培的全力支持以及女学生的主动争取。1920年,王兰、邓春兰、韩恂华、赵懋芸、赵懋华、杨寿璧、程勤若、奚浈、查晓园等九位女学生进入北大旁听,成为北大第一批女大学生。之后,虽然受到社会守旧势力的阻挠和政府的施压,但中国各大学开放女禁已成必然趋势,中国女子高等教育从此得以发展,中国教育现代化向前迈出了历史性一步。

The enrollment of female students is the only way to modernize education.The enrollment of the first group of female students in National Peking University has been mentioned in the history of women education and many related studies.However,studies on this major event are still scanty.This success in Peking University put equal right of men and women to higher education into practice,played an important role in spreading equal rights and pulling women into self⁃awakening.It has great significance in the history of Chinese education.As one of the first national coeducational universities in modern China,Peking University was able to enroll female students because of the impact of the May 4th Movement on the traditional view of women,the active campaigning of teachers and students,the full support of President CAI Yuanpei(蔡元培)and the initiative of female students.In 1920,nine female students,WANG Lan(王兰),DEGN Chunlan(邓春兰),HAN Xunhua(韩恂华),ZHAO Maoyun(赵懋芸),ZHAO Maohua(赵懋华),YANG Shoubi(杨寿璧),CHEN Qinruo(程勤若),XI Zhen(奚浈)and ZHA Xiaoyuan(查晓园),entered Peking University as auditors and became the first group of female students in Peking University.Afterwards,despite the obstruction of social conservatives and pressure from the government,it became an inevitable trend for Chinese universities to enroll female students,which promoted the development of women higher education in China.China’s educational modernization has taken a historic step forward.