人体跟骨模型的建立及其骨折力学研究

Establishment of Human Calcaneus Model and Its Fracture Mechanics

足跟是人体站立之根、行进之本,随着人体运动幅度大增,同时也变成了最容易受伤的部位。通过逆向建立跟骨三维模型并对模型施加约束和载荷进行有限元分析,探究跟骨骨折力学机制以及骨折线的延伸状况。首先通过CT扫描人体足踝得到初始数据并利用Mimics软件逆向建立跟骨3D模型;其次应用Geomagic Warp软件完成模型表面处理并转成三维实体;最后分析跟骨在中立位静止状态以及从高处跌落时受力状态并运用ANSYS workbench进行模拟,得到跟骨各部位变形,探讨骨折发生机制及骨折线的延伸。研究结果表明:当跟骨形变超过其极限值则会发生骨折,载距突处和距骨尖劈接触处最容易发生,其次是跟距关节面的塌陷,而骨折的变形以及骨折线的延伸符合Sanders分型。

The heel is the root of the human body and the basis of the movement.As the body movement increasing,it also becomes the most vulnerable part.The mechanical mechanism of the calcaneal fracture and the extension of the fracture line were explored by establishing a three-dimensional model of the calcaneus in reverse and performing finite element analysis on the constraint and load of the model.Firstly,the initial data was obtained by CT scanning of the human foot and the 3D model of the calcaneus was established by Mimics software.Secondly,the surface treatment of the model was completed by Geomagic Warp software and converted into a three-dimensional entity.Finally,the calcaneus was analyzed in the neutral position and dropped from the height.At the time of stress and simulation using ANSYS workbench,the deformation of various parts of the calcaneus was ob⁃tained,and the fracture mechanism and extension of the fracture line were discussed.The results show that fractures occur when the calcaneal deformation exceeds its limit value,and the contact between the load and the talus is the most likely to occur,fol⁃lowed by the collapse of the articular surface,and the deformation of the fracture and the extension of the fracture line are consis⁃tent Sanders classification.