星载复杂结构钛合金薄壁件超声振动切削研究

Ultrasonic Vibration Cutting of Spaceborne Titanium Alloy Thin-Walled Parts with Complex Structure

为了实现轻量化设计,航天器常采用复杂结构钛合金薄壁件作为承载、连接和定位元件,但是这类零件在切削过程中容易产生刀具磨损和变形,导致加工精度低,难以满足工作要求。基于钛合金薄壁件切削特性研究,采用超声振动金刚石车削方式控制切削力、装夹力引起的加工变形和残余应力,通过在线补偿修正刀具磨损误差;对壁厚(3~5)mm的典型星载钛合金薄壁件进行椭圆形超声振动切削,尺寸精度达到5μm,圆度误差为2.83μm,满足加工精度和稳定性要求。

In order to realize lightweight design,the titanium alloy thin-walled parts with complex structure are often used as load-bearing,connecting and positioning elements in spacecraft.Tool wear and deformation are easy to occur during the cutting process,the machining accuracy will worsen,and it is difficult to meet the working requirements.Based on researching the cut⁃ting characteristics of titanium alloy thin-walled parts,ultrasonic vibration diamond turning is used to control the machining de⁃formation and the residual stress caused by cutting force and clamping force,and the tool wear error is corrected by online com⁃pensation method.Elliptical ultrasonic vibration cutting is carried out on typical spaceborne titanium alloy thin-walled parts with wall thickness of(3~5)mm,the dimension accuracy is 5μm,the roundness error is 2.83μm,and this meets the requirements of machining accuracy and stability.