某机载构件的轻量化设计与研究

Lightweight Design and Research of an Airborne Component

为实现某航空机载设备的轻量化,采用碳纤维增强塑料构件代替铝合金构件,同时要求在飞机的振动环境下能保证机载设备的刚度要求。根据碳纤维增强塑料的成型方式,将原结构的三个铝合金构件设计为一个碳纤维增强塑料构件,通过初步的静力学分析确定了三种方案中的较优结构。采用UG与ANSYS Workbench的联合仿真,建立了该方案的参数化模型,将弧度、侧边折回长度和上部加强筋的尺寸作为设计变量,整体结构的固有频率作为目标函数,利用响应面法对构件进行优化设计,确定了该构件的最佳尺寸。最后使用该最优解进行随机振动分析,在X、Y、Z方向上分别施加加速度谱密度后,整个结构不会发生共振问题,而且在各方向的变形均满足设计要求,从而确定了该碳纤维增强塑料构件的最优结构。

In order to realize the lightweight of an airborne equipment,carbon fiber reinforced plastic(CFRP)components are used instead of aluminum alloy components,and the stiffness requirements of airborne equipment are required to be ensured in the vibration environment of the aircraft.According to the molding method of CFRP,the three aluminum alloy components of the original structure were combined into one CFRP component,and the superior structure among the three schemes was determined by static analysis.Using the co-simulation of UG and ANSYS Workbench,the parametric model of the scheme was established.The curvature,the side foldback length and the size of the upper rib were taken as design variables,and the natural frequency of the overall structure was taken as the objective function.The response surface method was used to optimize the design of the compo⁃nent,and the optimal size of the component was determined.Finally,the optimal solution was used for random vibration analy⁃sis.After applying the acceleration spectral density in the X,Y and Z directions respectively,the whole structure does not have res⁃onance problem,and the deformation in all directions meets the design requirements,thus determining the optimal structure of the CFRP component.