“爱邻如己”是可能的吗?——拉康视角下的邻人问题与主体的伦理

On the Possibility of“Love Thy Neighbors as Thyself”:The Neighbor Problem and Subject’s Ethics from the Perspective of Lacan

基督教“爱邻如己”的伦理命令在尼采和弗洛伊德那里遇到了强烈的质疑,这一质疑需要通过对邻人问题的思考,回溯到主体与彼者的原初经验,并进一步考察这一伦理命令的心理学基础。拉康区分了作为小彼者的邻人与作为大彼者的邻人的根本不同,他让我们看到对这一伦理命令通常理解的内在盲点与根本困境。通过对“谁是最近的邻人”的问题的讨论,拉康进而阐发了“爱邻如己”这一伦理命令的全新意义。无意识恰恰是每个主体自身最近的邻人,主体面对着自身内在的这种相异性、陌生性的部分不退却,而去创造一种与“邻人”的相处方式,这是“爱邻如己”这一伦理律令在精神分析伦理学的视角下呈现的基本意义。

The Christian ethical order of“love thy neighbor as thyself”is strongly questioned by Nietzsche and Freud.Their question traced back to the original experience of the subject and the other through the reflection on the neighbor problem,and further investigated the psychological basis of this ethical command.Lacan pointed out the fundamental difference between the neighbor as the“Little Other”and the neighbor as the“big Other”(“the Other”)which reveals the inherent blind spots and the fundamental plight of this ethical command.Then,through discussing the question of“who is the nearest neighbor”,Lacan further expounded the new meaning of“love thy neighbor as thyself”.According to Lacan,every individual’s unconsciousness is exactly their nearest neighbor.Faced with the otherness and strangeness,the individual does not retreat but create a way to get along with the“neighbor”.This is the basic meaning of the ethical order of“love thy neighbor as thyself”from the perspective of psychoanalysis ethics.