玉米籽粒构型与产量和抗旱性的关系分析

Maize Grain Configuration Characters:Relationship with Yield and Drought Resistance

【目的】研究玉米受旱前后的籽粒性状变化及其与产量和抗旱性的关系,为玉米抗旱育种和节水栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以大田充分灌水量为100%,设置80%、60%、40%、20%和0%共5个欠量灌水比例,在此6种水分梯度水平上,测定10份玉米杂交种的10个籽粒构型相关性状指标,研究籽粒性状随灌水比例的变化趋势,以及与抗旱性的关系。【结果】随着灌水比例减少和旱情加重,玉米单株粒重、百粒重、粒长、粒宽、矩形性、粒色R和粒色G逐渐降低,而籽粒的粒厚、圆形性和粒色B则逐渐增加;单株粒重、百粒重、粒长、粒宽、粒厚、圆形性、矩形性、粒色R、粒色G在不同灌水比例间差异达到显著以上水平。【结论】玉米杂交种籽粒性状对干旱胁迫有明显的响应。单株粒重、百粒重、粒长、粒宽、粒厚、圆形性、矩形性、粒色R、粒色G可作为玉米抗旱鉴定和抗旱育种的参考指标。

【Objective】The study of the grain traits change and its relationship with yield and drought resistance during the change of irrigation amount will provide theoretical basis for drought resistance breeding and water saving cultivation of maize.【Methods】Taking the full irrigation water amount of the field as 100%,and set five under-irrigation proportions of 80%,60%,40%,20%and 0%.10 grain related characters of 10 maize hybrids were determined under 6 water stress treatments,which were used to study the variation trend of grain characters with the proportion of irrigation and the relationship between grain characters and drought resistance.【Results】With the decrease of irrigation ratio and the aggravation of drought,the grain weight per plant,100 grain weight,grain length,grain width,rectangularity,grain color R and grain color G decreased gradually,while the grain thickness,roundness and grain color B increased gradually.The variance analysis showed that the grain weight per plant,100 grain weight,grain length,grain width,grain thickness,roundness,rectangularity,grain color R and grain color G were significantly different in different irrigation ratios.【Conclusion】The grain traits of maize hybrid have obvious response to drought stress.Grain weight per plant,100 grain weight,grain length,grain width,grain thickness,roundness,rectangularity,grain color R and grain color G could be used as reference indexes for drought resistance identification and drought resistance breeding of maize.