28种植物提取物对棉蚜的杀虫活性测定

Preliminary Study on Insecticidal Activity of 28 Plant Extracts from Xinjiang to Cotton Aphids

【目的】筛选出具有较高杀毒棉蚜活性的植物资源,为植物源农药研制、棉蚜绿色防控及农药减施提供理论依据。【方法】采集新疆地区部分植物,运用超声提取法,提取28种植物中的活性物质,采用浸虫浸叶法,测定植物提取物对棉蚜的杀虫活性。【结果】曼陀罗、毒参、大戟等8种植物提取物具有较高杀蚜活性,其中曼陀罗提取物杀虫活性最高,毒参提取物次之,曼陀罗和毒参提取物24 h校正死亡率及LC_(50)分别为75.18%、69.76%,15.58和20.54 mg/mL。【结论】曼陀罗和毒参甲醇提取物对棉蚜有较强的毒杀作用,曼陀罗提取物杀虫活性高于毒参提取物。

【Objective】Plant resources with high aphid killing activity were selected from some plants collected in Xinjiang,so as to provide theoretical basis for the development of botanical pesticide,green control of cotton aphid and pesticide reduction.【Methods】The active substances from 28 plants were extracted by ultrasonic extraction method,and the insecticidal activity of plant extracts against Aphis gossypii was determined by the method of soaking insects and leaves.【Results】The extracts of Datura stramonium,Hemlock and Euphorbia pekinensis had high aphid killing activity.Among them,the extracts of Datura stramonium had the highest aphid killing activity,followed by the extracts of Panax pekinensis.The 24 h corrected mortality and LC_(50) of Datura stramonium and Hemlock were 75.18%,69.76%,15.58 and 20.54 mg/mL,respectively.【Conclusion】The methanol extracts of Datura stramonium and Hemlock have strong insecticidal activity against Aphis gossypii.The insecticidal activity of Datura stramonium extract is higher than that of Hemlock extract.These two plant extracts can be used as active components of botanical pesticides for further research and development.