乌鲁木齐市院外急救患者疾病谱及流行病学调查

Distribution and epidemiological characteristics of disease spectrum in patients with pre-hospital care in Urumqi

目的研究乌鲁木齐市院外急救患者疾病谱及流行病学,为完善院前急救资源服务体系提供参考。方法从乌鲁木齐市急救中心指挥系统数据库调取2019年所有接警数据,根据8个区县总接警数据采用分层抽样法抽取共计2400名患者病历信息,分析院外急救患者疾病谱,分析不同年龄、性别、季节、时间点院外急救疾病分布情况。结果乌鲁木齐市8个区县2400名院前急救患者疾病谱前6位依次为创伤696例(29.00%)、心脑血管疾病521例(21.71%)、中毒328例(13.67%)、呼吸系统245例(10.21%)、神经系统202例(8.42%)、消化系统139例(5.79%);男、女院前急救均以创伤、心血管疾病为主要疾病谱,男性创伤、神经系统疾病、消化系统疾病、其他疾病发生率明显高于女性(P<0.05);不同年龄段院外急救疾病谱创伤、心脑血管疾病、中毒、呼吸系统疾病、神经系统疾病、消化系统疾病、其他疾病等比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同季节院前急救疾病中创伤、心脑血管疾病、中毒、呼吸系统疾病、神经系统疾病、消化系统疾病分布情况比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);乌鲁木齐市院外急救呼救时间以中班时间段分布较多,为1053例(43.88%),晚班时间段分布较少,为368例(15.33%)。结论乌鲁木齐市院外急救疾病谱因性别、年龄、季节、时间段的不同而有所差异。相关部门应据此提升急救水平,合理分配急救资源。

Objective To investigate the distribution and epidemiological characteristics of disease spectrum in patients with pre-hospital care in Urumqi,so as to provide reference for the establishment of mature pre-hospital care system.Methods Data retrieved from Urumqi Emergency Medical Center Command System were collected,and stratified random sampling method was used to selected 2400 patients from 8 districts and counties.The disease spectrum was analyzed,then the epidemiological characteristics was analyzed from the aspects of age,gender,season and aid time.Results The top 6 diseases were trauma in 696 cases(29.00%),cardiovascular disease in 521 cases(21.71%),poisoning in 328 cases(13.67%),respiratory system disease in 245 cases(10.21%),nervous system disease in 202 cases(8.42%)and digestive system disease in 139 cases(5.79%).Trauma and cardiovascular disease were the main types of pre-hospital care for both males and females,moreover,the incidence of trauma,nervous system disease,digestive system disease and other diseases in male was significantly higher than that in female(P<0.05).The distribution of trauma,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease,poisoning,respiratory disease,nervous system disease,digestive system disease and other diseases showed significant difference among patients in difference age groups(P<0.05).The distribution of trauma,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,poisoning,respiratory system diseases,nervous system disease and digestive system diseases showed significant difference in different seasons(P<0.05).The emergency calls in three shifts were the most on middle shift and were the least on night shift in Urumqi,accounting for 43.88%(1053/2400)and 15.33%(368/2400).Conclusion The distribution of disease types of pre-hospital care in Urumqi varies with gender,age,season and times,so relevant departments should improve the professional abilities of first aid and allocate first aid resources reasonably.