武汉市汉南区肠道病毒71型灭活疫苗接种情况分析

Inactivated enterovirus 71 vaccination in Hannan District of Wuhan

目的分析武汉市汉南区肠道病毒71型(Enterovirus 71,EV71)灭活疫苗接种情况,为EV71疫苗的免疫接种策略调整提供参考依据。方法通过湖北省免疫规划信息管理系统,收集汉南区接种单位登记管理的2016年1月1日至2019年12月31日出生儿童基本信息及接种EV71灭活疫苗资料,采用描述性统计分析方法计算疫苗接种率和接种质量。结果汉南区儿童EV71疫苗首剂接种率49.95%,全程接种率42.82%;该区儿童首剂接种率低于外来儿童(P<0.005),全程接种率略高于外来儿童(P=0.859),农场地区儿童首剂及全程接种率均低于城镇地区儿童(P<0.005),各年龄组儿童接种率差异明显(P<0.005);6~11月龄2剂次全程接种完成率15.66%,出生时间越晚儿童完成2剂次全程接种完成率越高(P<0.005),该区儿童低于外来儿童(P<0.005),城镇地区儿童高于农场地区儿童(P<0.005);两剂次间隔,不合格接种率5.54%、及时接种率66.94%、合格接种率27.52%,出生年份越晚及时接种率越高(P<0.005),该区儿童不合格接种、及时接种均高于外来儿童(P=0.02),城镇地区儿童不合格接种低于农场地区、及时接种高于农场地区(P<0.005)。结论汉南区儿童EV71疫苗接种率逐年提高,但未达到人群免疫屏障水平,要继续加大手足口病(Hand,foot and mouth disease,HFMD)防控知识宣传,提高儿童1岁前2剂次全程接种率及第2剂次及时接种率。

Objective To analyze the EV71 vaccination of children in Hannan District of Wuhan,providing a reference for the adjustment of EV71 vaccination strategy.Methods Based on the Hubei Province Immunization Program Information Management System,the general information and the Immunization information of the inactivated EV71 vaccine in children born between January 1,2016 and December 31,2019 managed by the inoculation department of Hannan was collected.Descriptive statistical analysis was used to calculate the vaccinationrate and vaccination quality.Results Vaccination rate for first dose and full vaccination of EV71 vaccine of children in Hannan were 49.95%and 42.82%.Vaccinationrate for first dose of local children was lower than that of ecdemic children(P<0.005),and Vaccination rate for full vaccination was slightly higher than that of ecdemic children(P=0.859).Vaccination rate for first dose and full vaccination of children in rural areas were lower than those in urban areas(P<0.005).Vaccination rates were obvious differences among children of various age groups(P<0.005).Full vaccination rate of 6-11 months of age were 15.66%,full vaccination rate of children of the later the time of birth were the higher(P<0.005),full vaccination rate of the local children were lower than the ecdemic children(P<0.005),while which of children in urban areas were higher than children in rural areas(P<0.005).Between the two dose of vaccination,the unqualified vaccination rate was 5.54%,the timely vaccination rate was 66.94%,and the qualified vaccination rate was 27.52%.The timely vaccination rate of children of the later the time of birth were the higher(P<0.005).The unqualified vaccination and timely vaccination of local children were higher than ecdemic children(P=0.02),Unqualified vaccination for children in urban areas is lower and timely vaccination is higher than that in rural areas(P<0.005).Conclusion The EV71 vaccination rate of children in Hannan increased year by year,but was far from establishing herd immunity barrier.Propaganda of HFMD prevention and control knowledge must be strengthened,increasing the coverage rate of full vaccination of children before 1 year of age and the timely vaccination rate of the second dose.