福利机构监护的婴儿养育方式对比研究

A Comparative study of infant rearing patterns under the supervision of welfare institutions

目的探讨儿童福利机构监护的婴儿最佳养育方式。方法将福利机构监护的婴儿按传统的集中供养和家庭寄养进行随机分组养育,当婴儿年满12个月时,采用身高体重指标、盖塞尔发育量表及婴儿年龄与发育进程问卷第三版,测量婴儿躯体发育、心理行为发育和认知-运动发育水平,量化后进行对照,结合寄养实践收集资料。结果年龄在(0.5~1.5)月的婴儿,采用集中供养和家庭寄养后到其年满12个月时,其反映婴儿躯体发育的主要指标中身高(t=0.94,P=0.349>0.05)、体重(t=1.843,P=0.068>0.05)比较,差异均无统计学意义;反映婴儿运动能力方面的动作能(t=2.102,P=0.037<0.05)及大运动(t=2.566,P=0.011<0.05)、精细运动(t=2.825,P=0.005<0.01),寄养婴儿显著高于集中供养婴儿,其差异有统计学意义;反映婴儿心理行为能力方面的应物能(t=2.479,P=0.014<0.05)、应人能(t=2.535,P=0.012<0.05)及解决问题(t=3.241,P=0.001<0.01)、个人社会(t=3.173,P=0.001<0.01),寄养婴儿也显著高于集中供养婴儿,差异有统计学意义;特别是言语能力,寄养婴儿更是显著高于集中供养婴儿,两项量表差异均有统计学意义(t=6.329、4.886,P=0.000<0.01)。结论福利机构监护婴儿的养育应该尽可能选择家庭寄养。

Objective To explore the best way of rearing children guarded by welfare institutions.Methods Grouping the rearing methods into two categories randomly,traditional orphanages and foster care,then using their height,weight,Gesell development schedules and Ages and Stages Questionnaires-Third Edition to compare their physical development,psychological health,behaviour,and cognition progress from the data collected when they were 12 months old in both categories.Results For children between age 0.5 month to 1.5 month old,by comparing the data collected when they were 12 month old,the study found that there was no statistical difference in physical development between these two groups of children in main indicators of height(t=0.94,P=0.349>0.05)and weight(t=1.843,P=0.068>0.05).However,children in family foster care shown advantage in area of motor ability(t=2.102,P=0.037<0.05),gross motor skill(t=2.566,P=0.011<0.05),fine motor skill(t=2.825,P=0.005<0.01),which had statistical significance.Foster care children also shown big advantage in area of cognitive ability(t=2.479,P=0.014<0.05),behaviour(t=2.535,P=0.012<0.05),problem resolving ability(t=3.241,P=0.001<0.01),personal-social(t=3.173,P=0.001<0.01),the differences were statistically significant.Especially for verbal ability,foster care children had significant advantage in both measurements(t=6.329、4.886,P=0.000<0.01).Conclusion Family foster care should be chosen as much as possible in rearing children whose guardians are welfare institutions.