再生锌综合回收工艺的研究现状及进展

Status quo and progress of study on secondary zinc comprehensive recovery process

再生锌资源主要集中在冶炼烟尘及冶炼渣中,特点是含锌品位较低,同时其他成分较为复杂,其利用过程就是将有价金属最大程度地回收。再生锌资源回收工艺包括原料及渣的物相重组和综合湿法回收工艺:物相重组工艺方面,主要包括回转窑工艺和烟化炉工艺;综合湿法回收工艺包括传统工艺加脱除氟氯工序、氯盐体系萃取工艺和碱性体系工艺。本文对各工艺进行了详细阐述,分析了优缺点,指出物相重组仅为有价金属回收提供了有利的条件,仍需配合湿法回收工艺才能实现有价金属的回收;再生锌湿法回收工艺中,氟氯仍为主要影响因素,单纯一种方法难以达到经济合理、氟氯去除完全的目的,需要多种方法相结合并进行合理设计才能实现工艺的最优化。

Secondary Zn is mainly concentrated in smelting dust and slag,featuring a low grade of Zn and other complex composition.Utilization of secondary Zn refers to recovering valuable metals from it as much as possible.The process of secondary Zn recovery comprises phase restructuring of raw materials and slag and comprehensive hydrometallurgical recovery.The former includes rotary kiln process and fuming furnace process while the latter includes conventional processes,F and Cl removal process,extraction process in chloride salt system and process in alkaline system.This paper elaborates on all relevant processes,analyzes their pros and cons,and points out that phase restructuring only provides favorable conditions for valuable metal recovery and should be coupled with the hydrometallurgical recovery process to realize valuable metal recovery.F and Cl are still main factors affecting hydrometallurgical recovery process of secondary Zn.One single method cannot achieve economical and complete removal of F and Cl,and thus various methods should be integrated and reasonably designed for process optimization.