迁徙皇族的兼容与管理:清代宗室营发覆

Compatibility and Management of the Migrating Royal Families:The Royal Camp of in the Qing Dynasty

宗室营是清嘉庆朝迁徙皇族在盛京的聚居之所,其人口构成复杂多元,并始终与京城、吉林和黑龙江等处保持着多线交互流动。道光朝后期,该营所属人口分布突破旧有营城范围,开始分为营内和营外两部分。宗室营设有较为完整的职官建置,其管理运作模式汲取了京城闲散宗室和驻防满城等管理制度的传统资源。于地域权力结构而言,宗室营皇族与旧居皇族系盛京将军辖区内两个互为独立的系统,且其所属皇族罪在流刑以下可在盛京结案处置。宗室营是清中后期整个皇族管理链条上的重要一环,本质是清廷运用政权力量将京城皇族管理压力向外纾解的实现形式,其对改善皇族生计、促进族群融合和推动盛京地方文化发展等具有积极意义,但这亦是以增加盛京地方行政管理成本为代价的。

The Royal Camp(Zong Shi Ying)was the settlement place of royal immigrants in Shengjing in Emperor Jiaqing’s reign.Its members,complicated and diverse,kept multi-line interactions with Shengjing,Jilin and Heilongjiang.In the late Emperor Daoguang’s reign,the camp began to be divided into the inside and outside parts.The Camp had a relatively complete bureaucracy system,which drew on the traditions of the administrations of rankless and titleless royal members and Manchurian city garrison.In term of the regional power structure,the Royal Camp and native royals of Shengjing were independently administered under Shengjing General’s jurisdiction,and members of the former who committed crimes and were punished to be exiled could be tried and punished in Shengjing.The Royal Camp played a part in the whole royal administration system,its essence being a form that Qing court transferred the pressure of royal management from Capital City to a lower level.Such a measure was conducive to improving royal members’livelihood,promoting ethnic integration and giving impetus to the cultural development in Shengjing,but at the cost of a high price Shengjing authorities had to pay in administrative management.