青海省野生犬科动物棘球绦虫感染状况调查及防控研究

Investigation and control of Echinococcus spp.infection in wild canine in Qinghai province

为了解野生犬科动物在包虫病流行中的作用,探索野生犬科动物棘球绦虫的防控方法,通过野外收集疑似野生犬科动物粪便进行DNA宿主鉴定,粪便用蔗糖漂浮法收集虫卵,对虫卵进行DNA检测鉴定,结合动物解剖法对青海省部分地区野生犬科动物棘球绦虫的流行病学进行了调查。在3处狐狸窝附近投放驱虫药物吡喹酮,采集驱虫前后的狐狸粪便,用虫卵检查方法,评价驱虫防控效果。野外收集的160份材料,经DNA鉴定,53份为野生犬科动物粪便,其中,红狐粪便9份、藏狐粪便24份、沙狐粪便13份、狼粪便7份;剖检67只狐狸,其中,红狐33只、藏狐25只、沙狐9只;检查狼肠道1副。粪便检查结果表明:野生犬科动物中狮弓首蛔虫的感染率最高为18.87%(10/53),狐狸棘球绦虫感染率为10.87%(5/46),其中,多房棘球绦虫感染率为6.52%(3/46),狼多房棘球绦虫感染率42.86%(3/7);剖检结果表明:野生犬科动物线中绦虫的感染率最高达61.76%(42/68),其次是狮弓首蛔虫36.76%(25/68),多房棘球绦虫的感染率为13.24%(9/68)。野生狐狸药物防控试验中,药物投放前的狐狸粪便中检出狮弓首蛔虫、有翼翼形吸虫、带状带绦虫和多房棘球绦虫。药物驱虫6个月之内狐狸粪便中未检出多房棘球绦虫,但驱虫1年后再次检出多房棘球绦虫虫卵,说明野生狐狸存在棘球绦虫的重复感染,每年至少要进行2次驱虫防控工作。研究结果可为野生犬科动物源性包虫病的防控提供科学依据。

In order to find out the role of wild canine in the epidemic of echinococcosis and explore the prevention and control methods of wild canine Echinococcus spp.,the feces of suspected wild canine are collected in the field for DNA host identification.The eggs in feces are collected by sucrose floating method,and then DNA is detected.The epidemiology of Echinococcus spp.in wild canine in some areas of Qinghai is investigated combined with animal anatomy.The insecticide praziquantel is placed near three fox dens.The eggs of Echinococcus spp.are examined by collecting foxes feces before and after anthelmintic treatment to evaluate the effect of anthelmintic treatment.DNA identification shows that 53 of the 160 samples collected in the field are wild canine feces.Among them,9 samples are Vulpes vulpes feces,24 samples are Vulpes ferrilata feces,13 samples are Vulpes corsac feces and 7 samples are wolf feces.There are 33 Vulpes vulpes,25 Vulpes ferrilata,9 Vulpes corsac and one wolf among 67 dissected wild canine.According to the results of fecal examination,Toxascaris leoninathe has the highest infection rate of 18.87%(10/53)among wild canine.The infection rate of Echinococcus spp.in foxes is 10.87%(5/46),among which the infection rate of Echinococcus multilocularis is 6.52%(3/46),and that of Echinococcus multilocularis in wolf is 42.86%(3/7).According to the necropsy results,the cestode has the highest infection rate of 61.76%(42/68)in wild canine,followed by 36.76%(25/68)of Toxascaris leoninathe.The infection rate of Echinococcus multilocularis is 13.24%(9/68).In the experiment of drug prevention and control of wild foxes,Toxascaris leonine,Alaria alata,Taenia crassiceps and Echinocossus multilocularis are detected in foxes feces before putting drug.Echinococcus multilocularis is not detected within 6 months of drug anthelmintic treatment,but its eggs are detected again in foxes feces one year after the treatment,which indicates that wild foxes will be repeatedly infected with Echinococcus multilocularis,and anthelmintic control should be carried out at least twice a year.The results provides a scientific basis for the prevention and control of echinococcosis derived from wild canine.