绿僵菌在不同类型草原防治蝗虫的效果分析

Control of Locusts in Different Grasslands by Metarhizium anisopliae

金龟子绿僵菌是一种对靶标昆虫具有高毒力和致病性的重要杀虫真菌,通过接触直接侵染使蝗虫致死,对草原蝗虫治理具有重要意义。本试验研究了不同类型草原喷施金龟子绿僵菌粉剂对蝗虫的防治效果。结果表明,金龟子绿僵菌对蝗虫有较好的防治效果,喷药后7 d优势种蝗虫毛足棒角蝗Dasyhippus barbipes、亚洲小车蝗Oedaleus decorus asiaticus和宽须蚁蝗Myrmeleotettix palpalis的虫口减退率达60%、防治效果超过62%,其中白边痂蝗、毛足棒角蝗、亚洲小车蝗和宽须蚁蝗的虫口减退率和防治效果均高于宽翅曲背蝗Pararcyptera microptera meridionalis和轮纹异痂蝗Bryodemella tuberculatum dilutum;同时,金龟子绿僵菌在不同类型草原的防治效果存在差异,在典型草原和荒漠化及半荒漠化草原的防治效果高于草甸草原。研究绿僵菌在不同草原类型蝗虫的防治效果,为建立草原蝗虫绿色可持续防控体系提供支持。

Metarhizium anisopliae is an important insecticidal fungus that has high virulence and pathogenicity to target insects. Metarhizium infects and kills grasshopper through spores and hypha contact infection, which is significant to grasshopper management. The control of grasshoppers in different types of grasslands was investigated by spraying M. anisopliae powder. The results showed that M. anisopliae had a high control effect on locusts. The population of dominant species of locusts including Dasyhippus barbipes,Oedaleus decorus asiaticus and Myrmeleotettix palpalis declined nearly 60% and the control efficacy exceeded 62% at 7 days post spray. The effects were more pronounced in Bryodema luctuosum,D. barbipes, O. decorus asiaticus and M. palpalis than in Pararcyptera microptera meridionalis and Bryodemella tuberculatum dilutum. However, the control differed between grassland types, being higher in the typical grassland, desertification grassland and semi-desertification grassland than in the meadow grassland. The results will provide support for the establishment of green sustainable control system for the grassland grasshoppers.