平泉别业与李德裕的精神世界--兼谈李德裕的“守园观”

Aesthetic Analysis on Connection between Architectural Taste of Pingquan Villa and LI Deyu’s Mental Pursuit

平泉别业是李德裕在洛阳经营数十年而成的私家园林,也是在中国园林史上产生过较大影响的洛阳名园。平泉别业的声名远播,既与园林规模、园中奇花异石相关,也与李德裕创作的大量平泉诗有关。由于宦途奔波,李德裕很少入住平泉别业,他通过回忆、想象和书写,构建了具有桃源特质的园林世界,从而达到心灵的自适。为了弥补园林生活的缺失,李德裕命其子孙保守平泉别业中的一草一木,这一行为在明清时期遭到了许多批评,成为中国园林史上的热点话题。实际上,李德裕的守园观一方面与其对园林的喜爱之情有关;另一方面,也不能排除其维持家族政治地位这一心理因素的影响。李德裕是中晚唐政坛的风云人物,他的园林实践、园林观念以及园林书写对后人产生了很大影响。

Pingquan Villa was a private garden in Luoyang,which Li Deyu had managed for decades.It was also an influential garden in the history of Chinese gardens.Pingquan Villa is famous for its size,exotic rocks and precious plants,as well as a number of Li Deyu’s poems related.For busy official work,Li Deyu rarely lived in Pingquan Villa.But through memory,imagination and writing,he constructed a landscape world as Taohuayuan so as to achieve spiritual self-adaptation.In order to make up for the lack of garden life,Li Deyu ordered his descendants to keep every plant in Pingquan Villa,which has been criticized by later generations and has become a hot topic in the history of Chinese landscape architecture.In fact,Li Deyu’s view of keeping garden was on one hand related to his affection to gardens.On the other hand,the affect of psychological factors of maintaining his family’s political status cannot be excluded.Li Deyu was an influential man in the middle and late Tang dynasty whose garden practice and concepts had a great influence on later generations.