废弃矿渣坡面在不同坡度下的产流产沙特征

Characteristics of Runoff and Sediment Production on Waste Slag Slope under Different Slopes

近年来,经济的加速发展促使矿山开采活动日益频繁,废弃矿渣导致的环境问题成为研究热点。本文通过人工模拟降雨实验研究不同坡度下矿渣坡面径流特征。研究结果表明,①降雨过程都分为三个过程:产流汇流阶段、稳定阶段、退水阶段。②在0°、5°、10°坡度下,开始产流的时间为13.25min、2.5min、1.4min,退水历时15.7min、4.01min、3.05min。不同的坡度下开始产流时间退水时间要短,同时随着坡度的增加,开始产流时间和退水时间显著减少。③所有坡度的产流开始后一段时间内,坡面径流率均随着时间的增加而增加,而后达到稳定水平,而产沙量呈先增加后减少的变化规律。不同坡度条件下,坡度越大,产流产沙量越大。

In recent years,with the accelerated development of economy,mining activities are becoming more and more frequent.The environmental problems caused by waste slag have become a research hotspot.In this paper,the runoff characteristics of slag slope under different slopes are studied by artificial rainfall simulation experiment.The results show that:①the rainfall process is divided into three processes:runoff generation and concentration stage,stability stage and water retreat stage.②Under the gradient of 0°,5°and 10°,the time of runoff production is 13.25min,2.5min and 1.4min,and the water withdrawal lasts 15.7min,4.01min and 3.05min.The initial runoff generation time and backwater time are shorter under different slopes.At the same time,the initial runoff generation time and backwater time decrease significantly with the increase of slope.③In a period of time after the runoff yield of all slopes begins,the runoff rate increases with the increase of time,and then reaches a stable level,while the sediment yield increases first and then decreases.Under different slope conditions,the greater the slope,the greater the runoff and sediment yield.