要素价格扭曲对制造业出口国内增加值的影响机制研究

Research on the Influencing Mechanism of Factor Price Distortion on the Domestic Value-Added Export of the Manufacturing Industry

作为微观经济运行的重要特征,要素价格市场化进程滞后于产品市场对我国制造业嵌入全球价值链的收益分配份额所造成的影响常常被忽略。在归纳推演相应理论逻辑的基础上,通过归并2000—2012年工业企业数据库和海关数据库度量了企业层面的出口国内增加值率,并展开了实证检验。为了克服内生性的影响,进一步选取各省份省委书记上任时距离退休的年限作为要素价格扭曲的工具变量。结果发现:无论采用随机前沿还是樊纲指数方法测算的要素价格扭曲,都显著阻碍了我国制造业出口国内增加值率的提升;要素价格扭曲主要通过抑制企业内研发投入以及企业间资源配置国有偏向两种渠道影响出口国内增加值率;控制变量方面,研发投入的系数都显著为正,而大多数其他控制变量的系数均未能通过显著性检验。

As an important feature of microeconomic operation,the impact resulted from the process of the factor prices marketalization lagging behind the benefit allocation share of China's manufacturing industry embedded in global value chain from the product market is otherwise always neglected.On the basis of inducing and deducing the related theoretical logic,this paper measures the domestic value-added export at the level of enterprises through merging the Industrial Enterprise Database and the Customs Database from 2000 to 2012 and conducts an empirical test.In order to reduce the impact of endogenousness,it further chooses the number of years from taking office to retirement of the provincial Party secretaries of each province as the instrument variable of factor price distortion.The findings show that the factor price distortion calculated no matter by random frontier or by FanGang index method would significantly hinder the improvement of domestic value added export of China's manufacturing industry.The impact of the factor price distortion on the domestic value-added export is mainly through two channels,i.e.,inhibiting the internal R&D investment of enterprises and preferring state-owned resource allocation among enterprises.In terms of the controlled variables,the indexes of the R&D input are significantly positive,while the indexes of most other controllable variables cannot pass the significance test.