元宝枫籽油超临界CO_(2)萃取最佳工艺优化及其质量评价

Optimization of Supercritical CO_(2) Extraction of Acer Truncatum Seed Oil and Its Quality Evaluation

以元宝枫籽为研究对象,采用超临界CO_(2)萃取技术,以元宝枫籽油得率为指标,分别利用单因素试验和L_(9)(3^(4))正交试验考察了原料粒度、萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间对元宝枫籽油得率的影响,优化超临界CO_(2)萃取元宝枫籽油工艺,并对得到的元宝枫籽油理化性质和脂肪酸组成进行分析评价。结果表明:在原料粒度60目、萃取压力40 MPa、萃取温度45℃、萃取时间6 h的条件下,元宝枫籽油的得率为42.14%;其中原料粒度对元宝枫籽油提取率的影响最为显著,萃取压力次之,萃取时间和萃取温度的影响相对较小。最优萃取条件下得到的元宝枫籽油符合国标GB/T 37748—2019中一级油脂的要求;其中不饱和脂肪酸含量超过92%,神经酸含量为5.84%,是一种优质的保健油。

With Acer truncatum seeds as research object,using supercritical CO_(2)extraction technology,with extracting rate of the oil as indicator,the effects of granularity of raw materials,extraction pressure,extraction time and extraction temperature on the extraction yield of Acer truncatum seed oil were studied by using single factor experiment and L_(9)(3^(4))orthogonal array design,so as to optimize the extraction conditions.Moreover,the physical and chemical properties and fatty acid composition were analysed and evaluated.The result showed that the optimal process conditions were as follows:granularity of raw materials around 60 mesh,extraction pressure 40 MPa,extraction temperature 45℃,extraction time 6 h.The extracting rate of oil from Acer truncatum seeds can reach 42.14%under the above condition.With the systematical research,it was found that the granularity of raw materials,extraction pressure were the main factors to influence supercritical CO_(2)extraction technology,sequencing as granularity of raw materials>extraction pressure>extraction time>extraction temperature.Acer truncatum seed oil extracted under the above conditions conform to the requirements for primary oil covered in GB/T 37748—2019.Both unsaturated fatty acid over 92%and nervonic acid up to 5.84%are considered as the healthy oil with high quality.