作为方法的“中国”:构建中国情境的公共管理案例研究

"China" as a Method:A Case Study of Public Administration in the Construction of Chinese Context

国内公共管理案例研究长期存在直接套用西方公共管理理论解释中国公共治理实践的"西方固化思维"。为推动中国公共管理案例研究走出"西方固化思维",超越中国公共管理实践,达到一般性的理论概括,本文系统阐述了中国情境公共管理案例研究的本质及其构建路径。案例研究的实证主义与诠释主义范式为中国情境公共管理案例研究提供了方法论基础。中国情境公共管理案例研究的本体论意涵包括:"中国"是公共管理案例研究"好问题"的重要来源;公共管理案例研究是理解"中国"的一种方法论;公共管理案例研究的目标是构建公共管理理论的"中国话语"。当前中国公共管理案例研究在议题、应用、价值认知、指导方法和范式等方面仍然存在一些缺憾。中国情境公共管理案例研究的构建路径要从"属于中国"走向"关于中国",具体包括:坚持以"中国问题"为导向;挖掘研究对象的"中国意义";将"中国"作为探询因果机制的边界条件;促进中国研究的主体多元化。本文的创新之处在于,将"中国"作为一种方法,从本体论、认识论与方法论的角度,系统阐述中国情境公共管理案例研究问题构建、理论生产、资料获得、过程分析的中国特征。

Domestic Public Administration case studies have long existed "Solidified Western-Style Thinking" that directly apply Western Public Administration theories to explain China’s public governance practices. The objective of this paper is to promote Chinese Public Administration case studies out of the "Solidified WesternStyle Thinking",to surpass Chinese Public Administration practices,and to reach a general theoretical summary,and this paper systematically expounds the nature and construction path of Chinese contextual Public Administration case studies. Taking "China" as a method,from the perspectives of ontology,epistemology and methodology,systematically expound the essence and construction path of Chinese contextual Public Administration case studies. The positivism and hermeneutic paradigms of the case study provide a methodological basis for the case study of Chinese contextual Public Administration. The ontological implications of Chinese contextual Public Administration case studies include: "China" is an important source of "good problems" in Public Administration case studies;Public Administration case studies are a methodology for understanding "China";The goal of Public Administration case studies is Construct the "Chinese discourse" of Public Administration theory. There are still some shortcomings in current Public Administration case studies in China in terms of topics,applications,value perception,guidance methods,and paradigms. The article points out that the construction path of Chinese contextual Public Administration case studies should move from "belonging to China" to "about China",including Insisting on the orientation of "Chinese issues",digging out the "Chinese meaning" of the research object,taking "China" as Explore the boundary conditions of the causal mechanism,promote the diversification of the subject of China research. The innovation of the paper lies in the use of "China" as a method,from the perspectives of ontology,epistemology and methodology,systematically expounding the Chinese characteristics of Chinese situational Public Administration case study problem construction,theoretical production,data acquisition,and process analysis.