孟高棉语族未识别民族的体质特征

A study of physical characteristics of the Mon-Khmer unidentified ethnic groups

为了探究孟高棉语族未识别民族族群特征,研究组以412名(男性220人,女性192人)云南孟高棉语族未识别民族成人为例,运用人体测量学方法对该族群男女头面部与体部58项指标及20个指数进行测量和分析,并选取头长、头宽、面宽、形态面高、身高、坐高、肩宽、骨盆宽8项指标与30个已研究族群进行比较。结果表明:1)男性各项体质指标除大腿围和6项皮褶厚度指标外,都大于女性各项指标,男女身高均以矮型为主;2)孟高棉语族未识别民族男性上眼睑皱褶率为88.2%,女性上眼睑皱褶率为94.3%。男性蒙古褶率为41.8%,女性蒙古褶率为36.5%。鼻根高度男性以中等型为主,女性以低平为主。耳垂类型男性以圆形率为主,女性以三角形率为主;3)依据指数分型出现率得出:孟高棉语族未识别民族男女均以圆头型、高头型、阔头型、狭鼻型、中腿型、中胸型、宽肩型率最高;4)聚类分析和主成分分析显示孟高棉语族未识别民族与布朗族、基诺族、布依族、侗族比较接近。遗传因素、环境条件与饮食习惯是这些民族体质特征接近的原因。

In order to explore the characteristics of Mon-Khmer unidentified ethic groups,412 individuals (220 males and 192 females) of which from Yunan province were selected as subjects for this study.By employing the anthropomorphic method,a total number of 58 features of head,facial and body parts as well as 20 specific physical indexes were measured and analyzed.Eight indicators were selected to be compared with those from 30 reported populations,including the head length,head breadth,face breadth,morphological facial height,stature,sitting height,shoulder breadth,and cresta iliaca breadth.The results from this research are shown as follows.First,most of the physical indexes of men were higher than those of women,except for the girth of thigh and 6 types of skinfold thickness.Meanwhile,the stature of both men and women subjects were considered as the short-type.Second,the percentage of upper eyelid eyefold of the tested males was 88.2% and that index of the females was 94.3%,with the frequency of the Mongoloid fold as 41.8% (male) and 36.5% (female).Nasal root height in this tested group was defined as medium for males and low for females.Ear lobe types of males were mostly round and those of females were basically with a triangular shape.Third,based on the index analysis,males and females were classified as the brachycephaly,hypsicephalic and tapeinocephalic type for head,leptorrhiny for nose,mesatiskelic type for leg,and with medium chest circumference as well as broad shoulder breadth.Besides,Cluster and principal component analysis indicated that the Mon-Khmer unidentified ethic groups were relatively close to those of Blang,Jino,Buyei and Dong ethic groups.Genetic factors,environmental conditions and eating habits are the reasons for the similar physical characteristics of these ethnic groups.