热喷涂技术的装备应用现状及发展前景

Development Status and Prospect on Equipment Application of Thermal Spray Technology

热喷涂是装备表面工程领域的一项重要涂层制备方法,在表面功能性涂层加工、废旧零部件修复再制造已取得了持续的发展,而且在金属和陶瓷等材料的近净成形或增材制造领域也表现出良好的发展潜力。综述了热喷涂在航空发动机与起落架表面防护方面的应用,其中主要采用等离子喷涂技术喷涂陶瓷涂层及新型氮化硼涂层,以显著改进涂层抗氧化性,延长涂层寿命。另一方面,从装备隐身、舰艇防腐与防滑涂层、直升机沙尘防护、零件直接增材制造等角度剖析国内外典型武器装备领域的研究应用现状,如武器装备的电磁波屏蔽涂层克服多频谱问题,"海军先进非晶涂层"克服甲板的抗磨损、抗腐蚀问题;从技术层面分析影响热喷涂发展的关键问题,亟需突破涂层残余应力、界面结合强度、组织结构缺陷等薄弱环节。最后在武器装备增材制造和再制造领域对该技术的应用前景进行了展望。主要总结热喷涂技术在典型武器装备的应用现状,分析影响热喷涂发展的关键技术问题,填补了军用热喷涂行业的综述空白。

Thermal spraying is an important method of coating preparation in the field of equipment surface engineering,which has achieved continuous development in the processing of functional coating and the remanufacturing of waste parts.It has also been used in the field of near net forming or material manufacturing related to metals,ceramics and other materials,which shows good development potential.This paper reviews the application of thermal spraying in the surface protection of aircraft engines and landing gears.It mainly uses plasma thermal spraying technology to make ceramic coating and new CBN coating to improve the antioxidative activity and prolong the life of the coating significantly.The development status and application of typical equipment were analyzed in the thermal spraying field,such as stealth equipment,anti-corrosion and anti-skid coatings of ship,protection from sand and dust in helicopter and direct additive manufacturing of parts.For example,the electromagnetic wave absorption coating of equipment overcomes the problem of multi-spectrum."Navy Advanced Amorphous Coating"overcomes the anti-wear and anti-corrosion problems of the deck.The key problems affecting the development of thermal spraying are analyzed from the technical level.It is urgent to break through weak links such as coating residual stress,interface bonding strength and structural defects.Finally,some development directions were put forward about the additive manufacturing and remanufacturing field.This paper mainly summarizes the application status of thermal spraying technology in typical weapons and equipment.The key technical issues affecting the development of thermal spraying are analyzed,which fills the blank of military thermal spraying review.