禀赋效应视角下农民宅基地退出意愿与影响因素

The Willingness and Influencing Factors of Farmers’Quitting Rural Homestead from the Perspective of Endowment Effect

当前农民宅基地退出并非完全出于“经济理性”,还受到个体微观心理因素的影响。基于禀赋效应的视角,从宅基地的可替代性、心理所有权、农民的不确定性感知三个维度分析相关因素对农民宅基地退出意愿的影响,旨在为制定引导农民退出宅基地政策提供新的视角和决策参考。通过江苏省两县区的农村调查数据,构建二元Probit模型实证检验发现:主要解释变量中宅基地可替代性低、农民对宅基地较强的心理所有权认知会显著降低农民的宅基地退出意愿;失地、养老方面的不确定性感知会负向影响农民宅基地退出意愿。因此,政府应健全相关政策弱化农民的损失规避心理,降低禀赋效应的发生概率,才能实现农民自愿有偿地退出宅基地。

At present,the quitting of farmers’rural homestead is not entirely out of“economic rationality”,but also influenced by individual micro psychological factors.From the perspective of endowment effect,this paper analyzes the influence of relevant factors on farmers’willingness to quit their rural homestead from three dimensions,i.e.“the substitutability of rural homestead”,“psychological ownership”and“farmers’uncertain perception”,aiming to provide new perspective and reference for policymaking.By using the rural survey data of two counties in Jiangsu Province and binary Probit model,the main empirical test shows that:the low substitutability of rural homestead and strong cognition of farmers’psychological ownership of rural homestead will significantly reduce their quitting willingness;the uncertainty of land loss and pension risk will negatively affect farmers’willingness of quitting rural homestead.Therefore,the government should improve relevant policies to weaken farmers’loss aversion and reduce the probability of endowment effect,in order to realize farmers’voluntary and compensated rural homestead quitting.