中国“煤改气”面临的挑战及对策建议

Challenges and countermeasures of“coal to gas”project in China

中国"煤改气"主要在北京、天津、河北、山西、山东等地开展,2017-2019年"煤改气"合计削减散煤1.76亿吨,截至2020年10月全国合计完成"煤改气"1643万户。补贴政策是推进"煤改气"工程的政府政策重要内容,补贴资金主要来自中央和地方财政资金以及社会资金,各地"煤改气"补贴方案差异较大,补贴力度因地制宜。目前,中国"煤改气"面临政府和居民经济成本高、补贴机制设计不完善、气源保障不充分、改造工程存在安全隐患等诸多挑战。建议从拓宽补贴渠道、优化用户补贴方式、加强储气调峰设施建设、提升改造工程安全性以及多元发展其他能源等方面有序推进我国"煤改气"工作。

The"coal to gas"project mainly carried out in Beijing,Tianjin,Hebei,Shanxi,and Shandong provinces.From2017 to 2019,a total of 176 million tons of coal were cut from"coal to gas".By October 2020,16.43 million households in China had been converted from"coal to gas".Subsidy policy is an important part of government policy to promote the project of"coal to gas".Subsidy funds mainly come from central and local financial funds and social funds.Subsidy schemes for"coal to gas"vary greatly in different regions,and the subsidy intensity varies according to local conditions.At present,the"coal to gas"project in China faced with such many challenges as high economic cost for government and residents,imperfect subsidy mechanism design,inadequate gas source guarantee,and dangerous in renovation projects.It is suggested to expand subsidy channels,optimize subsidy methods,strengthen the construction of gas storage and peak-adjustment facilities,improve the safety of renovation projects,and diversify the development of other energy sources to promote the"coal to gas"project.